2015 Eye Movements GRC/GRS

 描述（由申请人提供）：表现为眼球运动异常的病症具有从外周肌肉病理（例如，凝视麻痹）到中枢认知损害（例如，精神分裂症）。由于眼球运动是视觉感知的关键介质，因此眼球运动障碍的后果严重程度从失明和低视力到无法执行日常任务，例如阅读或过马路。了解眼球运动是如何产生和控制视觉功能的机制是减少这些病理状态的公共卫生负担的关键。我们的目标是聚集早期职业和建立眼科和视觉科学家的双重目的，评估我们的领域的当前状态，并绘制其未来的方向。这种及时和有重点的科学互动是改善眼科和视觉疾病影响的关键。戈登研究会议（GRC）的形式是著名的促进有意义和富有成效的互动，通过创造一个环境，是一次非正式的，并高度集中在最新的，在该领域的前沿研究。第一次关于眼动的GRC是在2005年，随后在2007年，2011年和2013年举行了会议。每次会议都见证了该领域概念和实际的发展，其中2013年是迄今为止最成功的一次。除了一系列扩大眼科领域范围的主题外，2013年的会议还包括有史以来第一次眼动戈登研究研讨会（GRS），旨在促进学员的职业生涯。抓住这一势头，我们将举办第二届GRS，与2015年的GRC合作，揭示核心眼科问题的新观点。“精神疾病的眼动生物标志物”，考虑了眼运动对理解神经损伤的临床意义;“看的原因和地点：自然视觉的眼动”，考虑了支配视觉世界的眼动询问的规则;“非人类灵长类动物和人类的眼场”，考察了不同物种之间意志性眼动的皮层控制的相似性和差异;“只是不能等待：扫视前的预期视觉分析”从神经生理学和行为学的角度探讨了眼球运动如何影响视觉感知;“赫林还是亥姆霍兹？探索共轭和非共轭凝视之间的相互作用”，探讨了与双眼神经控制有关的基本问题;“视觉，输出复制和概率推理：对前庭功能和发育的见解，提出了对视觉前庭相互作用的最新见解;和“光遗传学和眼动：我们学到了什么，我们能学到什么？展望未来，考虑光遗传学的出现如何改变对眼球运动控制的理解。本提案要求支持一个全面和前瞻性的计划，旨在传播最新知识，促进新的合作努力，并推动未来眼动学家的职业生涯，所有这些都是为了增强眼科研究的影响。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Conditions that manifest as abnormalities of eye movement have etiologies ranging from peripheral muscle pathology (e.g., gaze palsy) to central cognitive impairment (e.g., schizophrenia). Because eye movements are the key mediators of visual perception, disorders of ocular motility have consequences ranging in severity from blindness and low vision to the inability to perform daily tasks such as reading or crossing the street. Understanding the mechanisms of how eye movements are generated and controlled in the service of visual function holds the key to reducing the public health burden of these pathological states. Our goal is to assemble both early-career and established oculomotor and vision scientists for the dual purpose of assessing the current state of our field and for mapping its future direction. Such timely and focused scientific interaction is a key to progress on ameliorating the impact of oculomotor and visual diseases. The Gordon Research Conference (GRC) format is renowned for promoting meaningful and productive interactions by creating an environment that is at once informal and intensely focused on the very latest, cutting-edge research in the field. The first ever GRC on eye movements was in 2005, followed by meetings in 2007, 2011, and 2013. Each meeting has witnessed both conceptual and physical growth in the field, with 2013 the most successful to date. In addition to a range of topics that expanded the scope of the oculomotor field, the 2013 meeting included the first ever eye movement Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) designed to promote the careers of trainees. Seizing on this momentum, we will hold our second GRS in concert with a 2015 GRC that will reveal fresh perspectives on core oculomotor issues. "Oculomotor Biomarkers For Psychiatric Disorders", considers the clinical implications of ocular motility for understanding neurological impairment; "The Why and Where of Looking: Eye Movements for Natural Vision", considers the rules that govern oculomotor interrogation of the visual world; "Eye Fields in Nonhuman Primates and Humans", examines similarities and differences in the cortical control of volitional eye movements across species; "Just Can't Wait: Anticipatory Visual Analysis before Saccades" explores how ocular motility impacts visual perception from neurophysiological and behavioral perspectives; "Hering or Helmholtz? Probing the Interactions between Conjugate and Disconjugate Gaze", examines fundamental questions relating to the neural control of the two eyes; "Vision, Efference Copy, and Probabilistic Inference: Insights into Vestibular Function and Development, presents the latest insights into visual-vestibular interactions; and "Optogenetics and Eye Movements: What have we Learned, What can we Learn?" looks to the future to consider how the emergence of optogenetics could transform understanding of eye movement control. The present proposal requests support for a comprehensive and forward-looking program designed to disseminate the latest knowledge, foster novel collaborative efforts, and advance the careers of future oculomotorists, all in the service of enhancing the impact of oculomotor research.