Activity space and measuring environmental exposure in behavioral research

 描述(申请人提供)：此R21是直接响应PAR-12-197关于改善饮食和体力活动评估。研究表明，环境影响生活方式行为，并导致健康方面的种族和社会经济不平等，但总的来说，结果是不一致的，影响的规模很小。一种可能的解释是环境暴露中的测量误差。尽管许多人花了相当长的时间离开他们的邻近社区，但大多数研究只衡量了受访者居住空间的环境暴露，没有考虑到日常的流动性。拟议的R21的目标是在不同种族/民族和社会经济多样性的成年人样本中，检查从GPS数据得出的活动空间(AS)的联合空间和时间稳定性。具体目标是：1.通过测试人在不同天数、天数类型(例如，周末、工作日)和周之间的时间稳定性，确定代表个人AS所需的最佳GPS跟踪天数和天数组合。2.通过检查个体在季节内和季节之间的时间稳定性来确定仅使用一个时间段进行GPS跟踪的充分性。3.作为探索性目标，我们将比较来自GPS跟踪的参与者AS和来自问卷的参与者AS，并基于AS重叠、大小和环境属性进行比较。为了实现这些目标，我们将对芝加哥144名非洲裔美国人、墨西哥裔美国人和白人成年人进行社会经济多样性样本的GPS跟踪，基线时间为30天，6个月后将对子样本进行第二波跟踪。我们将使用加速计测量体力活动，并使用多次24小时饮食召回来测量饮食摄入量。地理信息系统将被用于构建AS(例如，路线网络缓冲、内核密度估计)和环境属性的度量。这项研究将解决下一代利用AS进行的环境和生活方式行为研究进展的主要障碍。研究结果将为以人群为基础的多种族成人样本中AS环境属性对生活方式行为的影响的计划R01提供必要的信息。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R21 is directly responding to the PAR-12-197 on Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment. Research suggests that the environment influences lifestyle behaviors and contributes to racial and socioeconomic inequities in health, but overall, results are inconsistent and effect sizes are small. One potential explanation is measurement error in environmental exposures. Despite that many individuals spend considerable time outside their immediate neighborhood, most research has solely measured environmental exposures in a respondent's residential space and failed to take into account daily mobility. The objective of the proposed R21 is to examine the joint spatial and temporal stability of activity spaces (AS) derived from GPS data in a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of adults. Specific aims are: 1. Determine the optimal number and combination of days of GPS tracking needed to represent an individual's AS by testing the temporal stability within a person across days, types of days (e.g., weekend, weekdays), and between weeks. 2. Determine the sufficiency of using only one time period for GPS tracking by examining the temporal stability of an individual's AS within and between seasons. 3. As an exploratory aim, we will compare participant AS as derived from GPS tracking with those derived from questionnaires, with comparisons based on AS overlap, size, and environmental attributes. To achieve these aims, we will conduct GPS tracking with a socio-economically diverse sample of 144 African American, Mexican American, and white adults in Chicago for 30 days at baseline, with a second wave on a sub-sample six months later. We will measure physical activity using accelerometry and dietary intakes using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. GIS will be used to construct measures of AS (e.g., route network buffer, kernel density estimation) and environmental attributes. This study will address key barriers to the advancement of a next generation of studies on the environment and lifestyle behaviors utilizing AS. Findings will supply essential information for a planned R01 on influences of AS environment attributes on lifestyle behaviors in a population-based multiethnic sample of adults.