Quantitative PET/CT Analysis to Improve Evaluation of Tumor Response

描述（由申请方提供）：我们提议开发并验证定量正电子发射断层扫描/计算机断层扫描（PET/CT）图像分析框架，以改善局部晚期食管癌患者食管肿瘤对放化疗（CRT）反应的评价。在目标1中，我们将从PET/CT图像中提取肿瘤的综合空间和时间特征，并评估其预测肿瘤对CRT反应的能力。这些特征将量化肿瘤的空间特征沿着它们由于CRT而引起的变化，从而向当前非体积PET/CT响应测量添加大量信息。此外，我们将使用图像配准技术，使CRT前图像与CRT后图像对齐，从而可以量化原始肿瘤部位的空间变化。在目标2中，我们将使用机器学习技术，以时空PET/CT特征、临床参数和人口统计学作为输入，构建并测试CRT肿瘤反应的可靠预测模型。这些模型将识别预测特征的最佳子集，并协同利用PET和CT信息。在目标3中，我们将开发一种新的多模态自适应区域生长算法，用于PET/CT中的肿瘤勾画。我们将比较所得到的预测模型的准确性和精确度与使用传统方法（手动轮廓或阈值）描绘肿瘤的预测模型的准确性和精确度。这种比较将帮助我们理解肿瘤反应的预测在多大程度上取决于肿瘤描绘方法。最后，我们将使用病理反应和生存率作为终点和基础事实来交叉验证每个预测模型。如果实现所有目标，所提出的PET/CT图像分析框架可以提供高度准确的诊断工具。这将补充其他诊断测试，以帮助医生做出治疗决定，更适当地选择手术患者，从而避免手术可以安全推迟的应答者的手术死亡率和发病率;同时改善应考虑手术的非应答者的局部控制和生存率。因此，这项工作有可能通过安全地推迟手术来改善结果，这将改善我们的局部晚期食管癌患者的生活质量，同时降低成本。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to develop and validate a quantitative Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography (PET/CT) image analysis framework to improve the evaluation of esophageal tumor response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. In Aim 1, we will extract comprehensive spatial and temporal features of a tumor from PET/CT images and evaluate their ability in predicting tumor response to CRT. These features will quantify the spatial characteristics of a tumor along with their changes due to CRT, adding a great amount of information to the current non-volumetric PET/CT response measures. Also, we will use image registration techniques to align pre-CRT images with post-CRT images, making it possible to quantify the spatial changes at the original tumor site. In Aim 2, we will construct and test reliable predictive models of tumo response to CRT using machine learning techniques with spatial- temporal PET/CT features, clinical parameters and demographics as input. The models will identify an optimal subset of predictive features and utilize PET and CT information in chorus. In Aim 3, we will develop a novel multi-modality adaptive region-growing algorithm for tumor delineation in PET/CT. We will compare the accuracy and precision of the resulting predictive models against those in which tumor is delineated using conventional methods (manual contouring or thresholding). This comparison will help us understand to what degree the prediction of tumor response depends on the tumor delineation methods. Finally, we will use pathologic response and survival as the end points and ground truth to cross-validate each predictive model. If all aims are achieved, the proposed PET/CT image analysis framework may provide a highly accurate diagnostic tool. This, will complement other diagnostic tests in assisting physicians in making a treatment decision to more appropriately select patients for surgery, thus avoiding the mortality and morbidity of surgery in responders for whom surgery can be safely deferred; while improving local control and survival in non- responders for whom surgery should be considered. Therefore, this work has the potential to improve outcomes by safely deferring surgery which will improve our locally advanced esophageal cancer patient's quality of life while simultaneously reducing costs.