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Impacts of a Novel law-enforcement delivered intervention on drug user health

新型执法干预措施对吸毒者健康的影响

基本信息

批准号：
9124571
负责人：
Peter John Davidson
金额：
$ 50.19万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-05-01 至 2021-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9124571
关键词：
911 call Accounting Adopted Adverse effects Affect Aftercare Antidotes Area Attention Behavior Cessation of life Communities Complement County Crime Data Data Analyses Decision Making Decision Trees Drug Controls Drug Monitoring Drug user Emergency Situation Emergency medical service Epidemic Ethnography Evaluation Research Event Fatality rate Fright Geographic state Goals Health Housing Human Resources Individual Injury Institutes Intervention Interview Justice Law Enforcement Law Enforcement Officers Laws Lawyers Life Medical Medical emergency Methods Modeling Motor Vehicles Naloxone Narcotic Antagonists Natural experiment Nose Opioid Overdose Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Phase Pilot Projects Police Policies Positioning Attribute Process Protocols documentation Public Health Qualitative Methods Records Recruitment Activity Research Research Project Grants Sampling Statutes and Laws Time Training United States Withdrawal Symptom Work base design emergency service responder empowered improved innovation intervention program novel overdose death peer primary outcome programs public health relevance response rural area theories uptake willingness

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Drug-related overdose deaths are now the largest cause of injury death in the United States, having eclipsed motor vehicle-related deaths in 2008. A number of interventions have emerged in the last decade in response to this epidemic, including prescription drug monitoring programs; improving linkages to drug treatment; training drug users and those around them to recognize and respond appropriately to overdose; and, most recently, training and equipping law enforcement officers to use naloxone (an opioid antagonist) at the scene of an overdose. Equipping law enforcement officers with naloxone is intended to capitalize on the fact that officers often arrive at an overdose scene before other emergency services, particularly in rural areas, and until now have not been well equipped to deal with overdose events. In the last 5 years, with the active encouragement of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy and the Department of Justice, law enforcement agencies in at least 28 states are planning to or have begun carrying naloxone to use when they attend overdoses. Despite the proliferation of such programs, this intervention is completely unstudied. In 2014 the San Diego Sheriff's Department began training patrol officers to use naloxone to respond to overdose prior to arrival of other emergency services, and to actively refer overdose victims to a collaborating drug treatment agency after revival. Uptake of drug treatment has been higher than expected (3 of 9 revivals in the 6 month pilot phase of the project entered treatment). We hypothesize that the moments after an overdose represent a "teachable moment" in which drug users may be more motivated to enter treatment. In addition, we hypothesize that having law enforcement officers respond to overdose as a medical emergency rather than as a crime scene may make drug users more willing to call 911 when someone overdoses. The overarching goal of this study is to determine the impact of law enforcement use of naloxone to respond to drug overdoses on two primary outcomes: (1) uptake of drug treatment referrals by overdose victims referred by law enforcement officers, and (2) rates of calling 911 to summon emergency medical services by drug users who witness overdoses. We will achieve these aims through a mixed methods study that includes secondary analysis of data available through our partnership with SDSD, their drug treatment partners the McAlister Institute, and the County of San Diego, including 911 dispatch data, SDSD case records, and treatment data. To complement these data we will conduct qualitative interviews with a community-recruited sample of drug users, to assess their perspectives around treatment referrals provided by SDSD Deputies, and their willingness to call 911 in the event of witnessed overdoses. Interviews and analysis will utilize methods drawn from grounded theory and ethnographic decision tree modeling (a rigorous qualitative method used to describe how individuals and organizations make decisions in given situations).