Ethical collaborations between substance abuse researchers and community groups

 描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的总体目标是促进我们对艾滋病毒研究人员和社区组织（CBO）之间相互作用中常见的伦理问题的理解，这些组织为获得或感染艾滋病毒的高风险人群提供服务。通过这样做，我们将产生初始数据，这些数据对于推导出可用于区分可接受和不可接受的构建研究人员/CBO关系的方法的原则至关重要。 对艾滋病毒相关研究特别重要的三个群体--性工作者、与男性发生性关系的黑人男子和注射毒品的人--可能是研究人员在研究中最难招募和留住的人群。在美国，对这些人群的研究经常涉及与社区组织（CBO）的合作和伙伴关系，如艾滋病服务组织，药物治疗计划，街头推广和针头交换计划。 尽管研究人员和社区组织之间的这种关系非常普遍，但在很大程度上没有被研究过，但却具有实质性的实践和伦理意义。我们认为，与研究的合作需要真实的伦理困境和风险，以及对社区组织的实际负担，就像它可以做的研究科目。然而，目前很少有审查和监测研究伦理行为的机制处理或监测研究人员/社区组织的关系，也很少有指导方针帮助研究人员和社区组织考虑这种关系。这些风险可能是非常广泛的，根据我们的经验，包括从损害CBO和它所服务的社区之间的信任关系，当他们公开支持的研究人员被视为对研究对象的行为“不尊重”，到由于研究项目增加的人流量而导致的针头交换网站的损失。虽然绝大多数CBO/研究人员的互动对双方都是积极的，但与艾滋病毒研究合作或合作的负面结果意味着CBO可以并且经常做出不与艾滋病毒研究合作的决定，这一结果具有严重的伦理，社会和科学影响。 对人类受试者研究的伦理行为的监管是以伦理原则的应用为基础的。这些原则是从对过去研究不端行为案例的共同点进行的经验分析中得出的。该项目建议使用两种方法来复制这一过程，通过经验描述和分类共同的困难，风险和负担，出现在艾滋病毒研究人员和社区组织与三个关键的艾滋病毒风险/流行社区的合作伙伴关系，并使用这些数据来制定一套初步的原则，可用于指导未来的CBO/研究人员的合作。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overarching goal of this study is to advance our understanding of ethical issues that commonly emerge in interactions between HIV researchers and community-based organizations (CBOs) that serve populations at high risk for acquiring or living with HIV. By doing so, we will produce initial data essential for deriving principles which can be used to distinguish acceptable from unacceptable ways of structuring researcher/CBO relationships. Three groups of people of particular importance to HIV-related research - sex workers, Black men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs - can be among the most difficult populations for researchers to recruit and retain in studies. Research in the U.S. with these populations has frequently involved collaboration and partnering with community based organizations (CBOs) such as AIDS service organizations, drug treatment programs, street outreach, and needle exchange programs. Despite being extremely common, these relationships between researchers and CBOs are largely unstudied, and yet have substantial practical and ethical implications. We argue that collaboration with research entails real ethical dilemmas and risks, as well as practical burdens for CBOs, just as it can do for research subjects. However, few if any of the current mechanisms for reviewing and monitoring the ethical conduct of research address or monitor researcher/CBO relationships, and few guidelines exist to assist researchers and CBOs considering such relationships. These risks can be extremely broad, and in our experience have included everything from damage to the trust relationships between a CBO and the community it serves when researchers they had publicly supported were seen as behaving 'disrespectfully' toward study subjects through to the loss of a needle exchange site due to increased foot traffic from a research project upsetting neighbors. While the vast majority of CBO/researcher interactions are positive for both parties, negative outcomes from collaborating or cooperating with HIV research mean CBOs can and do routinely make decisions to not collaborate with HIV research, an outcome which has serious ethical, social, and scientific implications. Regulation of the ethical conduct of research with human subjects is based on the application of ethical principles. Those principles were derived from empirical analysis of the commonalities shared by past cases of research misconduct. This project proposes to use two approaches to replicate this process, by empirically describing and categorizing common difficulties, risks, and burdens that arise in partnerships between HIV researchers and CBOs working with three key HIV risk/prevalence communities, and to use these data to develop a preliminary set of principles which can be used to guide future CBO/researcher collaborations.