Infectious Diseases,Technology and Mortality Convergence

传染病、技术和死亡率趋同

• 批准号: 9137724
• 负责人: Marcella Alsan
• 金额: $ 13.28万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-10 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9137724
• 关键词: Adoption; Affect; Antibiotics; Attention; Belief; California; Child Mortality; Communicable Diseases; Complement; Data; Data Set; Diffuse; Disease; Economic Factors; Economics; Environmental Risk Factor; Foundations; Gender; Generations; Goals; Health; Health Policy; Health Technology; Immunization; India; Inequality; Infant Mortality; Investments; Italy; K-Series Research Career Programs; Latrine; Life Expectancy; Literature; Mass Immunization; Massachusetts; Measures; Medicine; Meleagris gallopavo; Mentorship; Methods; Mortality Decline; Natural experiment; Parents; Physicians; Play; Population; Population Projection; Production; Public Health; Race; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Research Support; Research Training; Resources; Role; Rural; Series; Soaps; Socioeconomic Status; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vaccination; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Water; Work; base; career; career development; disparity reduction; ethnic minority population; experience; global health; health disparity; health inequalities; improved; low and middle-income countries; medical schools; medically underserved population; mortality; mortality disparity; novel; population health; professor; racial minority; rural disparities; skills; social health determinants; socioeconomics; success; water treatment

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Lancet Commission on Investing in Health has focused the world's attention on eliminating global health disparities as reflected in their title, "Global health 2035: a world converging within a generation" (Jamison et al., 2013). Although health technologies (especially safe water, antibiotics and vaccinations) are thought responsible for average gains in life expectancy over the last half century; research on the role of such technologies on reducing health disparities across population sub-groups is much more limited. Important unanswered questions in the literature include: which specific technologies are most important for reducing health disparities/promoting mortality convergence? How do technologies interact in the production of health? What explains the low rate of technology adoption among some population sub-groups? This K01 Career Development application will combine demographic methods with rigorous micro-econometric analyses 1) to assess the role of technology on infant and child mortality convergence by constructing novel data sets using demographic techniques 2) to analyze the independent and combined impact of four health technologies (sewerage and waters infrastructure, immunization and antibiotics) on infant and child mortality convergence using quasirandom variation from natural experiments and 3) to examine the relative importance of socioeconomic, environmental and cultural factors on the adoption of efficacious health technologies across sub-groups using econometric techniques. The Candidate, Marcella Alsan, is an infectious-disease trained physician-economist and an Assistant Professor of Medicine at Stanford Medical School. She will benefit from the mentorship of investigators with extensive expertise in demographic methods, economics and health policy. The Candidate will gain experience in indirect methods of mortality analysis, population projection and demographic approaches to measuring health inequalities through coursework at Stanford University and University of California, Berkeley. The proposed training and research experience will provide the foundation for her career as an independent investigator.

 描述（由申请人提供）：《柳叶刀》健康投资委员会将全世界的注意力集中在消除全球健康差异上，如其标题所示： “2035 年全球健康：一代人内汇聚的世界”（Jamison 等人，2013 年）。尽管卫生技术（尤其是安全水、抗生素和疫苗接种）被认为是过去半个世纪平均寿命延长的原因；关于此类技术在减少不同人口亚群体健康差异方面的作用的研究要有限得多。文献中尚未解答的重要问题包括：哪些具体技术对于减少健康差距/促进死亡率趋同最重要？技术如何在健康生产中相互作用？如何解释某些人群的技术采用率较低？该 K01 职业发展应用程序将人口统计方法与严格的微观计量经济学分析相结合 1) 通过使用人口统计技术构建新颖的数据集来评估技术对婴儿和儿童死亡率趋同的作用 2) 使用自然随机变异来分析四种卫生技术（污水和水基础设施、免疫和抗生素）对婴儿和儿童死亡率趋同的独立和综合影响 实验和 3) 使用计量经济学技术检验社会经济、环境和文化因素对跨亚群体采用有效卫生技术的相对重要性。候选人马塞拉·阿尔桑 (Marcella Alsan) 是一位接受过传染病培训的医师兼经济学家，也是斯坦福大学医学院的医学助理教授。她将受益于在人口统计方法、经济学和卫生政策方面拥有丰富专业知识的研究人员的指导。候选人将通过斯坦福大学和加州大学伯克利分校的课程，获得死亡率分析、人口预测和人口统计方法的间接经验，以衡量健康不平等。拟议的培训和研究经验将为她作为独立调查员的职业生涯奠定基础。