Changing Environmental Influences on Adolescent Alcohol Use and Risk Behaviors

环境变化对青少年饮酒和危险行为的影响

• 批准号: 9086389
• 负责人: Hilary F. Byrnes
• 金额: $ 50.32万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9086389
• 关键词: 16 year old; Address; Adolescence; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Area; Behavior; Cellular Phone; Censuses; Data; Development; Drug usage; Ecological momentary assessment; Environment; Exposure to; Freedom; Funding; Future; Geographic Locations; Grant; Guide prevention; Health; Home environment; Individual; Injury; Internet; Intervention; Link; Location; Measures; Modeling; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Parents; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Prevention; Prevention strategy; Problem behavior; Public Health; Research; Resources; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Sampling; Social Controls; Social Disorganizations; Socioeconomic Status; Staging; Surveys; Technology; Teenagers; Testing; Text; Time; Tobacco; Travel; Youth; alcohol availability; alcohol risk; base; cohesion; density; density of AOD outlets; environmental change; expectation; experience; novel; prevent; social; underage drinking; willingness

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Teens' increased freedom to explore different environments potentially increases exposure to contextual risks such as social disorganization. Socially disorganized areas, in which residents have difficulty maintaining social and physical order, are related to increased teen ATOD use/delinquency. Alcohol outlets, indicators of disorganization, influence teen alcohol use through increased access and perceptions of alcohol use as normative. In addition, contextual resources such as collective efficacy, a resource based on social ties among neighbors and their willingness to intervene for the good of the neighborhood may protect against teen risk behavior. Prior studies have not considered context dynamically, instead focusing on a static area, typically administrative units (e.g., census tracts around the teen's home as the area of environmental influence. However, these units may not capture contextual risks/resources where teens spend time, potentially missing a key influence on ATOD use/delinquency. By instead measuring all the places teens spend time, termed here "dynamic context," we will address this gap in past research. The aims of the study are to: 1) Test whether teens' dynamic context includes different geographical areas and reflects greater levels of social disorganization and lower levels of collective efficacy than their residential context; 2) Test whether teens' dynamic contexts broaden and shift to areas of greater social disorganization and fewer contextual resources as they progress into older adolescence; and 3) Test whether: a) increases in exposure to social disorganization and decreases in exposure to collective efficacy in the dynamic context contribute independently to increases in ATOD/delinquency throughout adolescence; and b) these changes in exposure in the dynamic context are more predictive of teen risk behaviors than social disorganization/collective efficacy in the residential space, controlling for covariates. 325 14-16 year olds will be tracked for one month over 3 annual waves. GPS-enabled smartphones will be used to measure teen travel patterns to delineate teens' dynamic contexts, and allow measures of disorganization and collective efficacy to be appended to location points, thus quantifying exposure to contextual influences. Using the phones will also allow ecological momentary assessment (EMA) through text-prompted web surveys to assess ATOD use/delinquency to determine how these behaviors assessed in real-time are linked to exposure to disorganization and collective efficacy. The study will build on an ongoing funded grant that provides an existing sampling frame and archival contextual data. The proposed study expands traditional views of contextual influences by using a novel GPS- EMA integrated approach to examine the importance of considering exposures where teens spend time, as these may be more relevant for risk behaviors. This must be understood in order to inform prevention efforts/policy. This study could guide future prevention efforts that use the phones to deliver prevention messages proximal to risk behaviors by identifying precursors of risk behavior through teens' travel patterns.

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年增加了探索不同环境的自由，可能会增加对社会混乱等上下文风险的接触。居民在维持社会和身体秩序方面遇到困难的社会杂乱无章的地区与青少年使用/犯罪的增加有关。酒精插座，混乱的指标，通过增加对酒精使用的机会来影响青少年酒精的使用。此外，诸如集体效能之类的上下文资源，基于邻居之间的社会联系的资源以及他们愿意为邻里利益而进行干预的意愿，可以防止青少年风险行为。先前的研究没有动态考虑上下文，而是专注于静态领域，通常是行政部门（例如，人口普查在青少年的房屋周围作为环境影响领域。但是，这些单位可能不会捕获青少年的上下文风险/资源，而青少年可能会花费时间的时间，潜在地丢失了对Atod的关键影响，而不是在此处衡量所有的delinquency。该研究的内容是：1）测试青少年的动态环境是否包括不同的地理领域，并反映了比其住宅环境更大的社会混乱和集体疗效水平更低的水平； 2）测试青少年的动态环境是否会扩大并转移到更大的社会混乱和更少的上下文资源的领域，它们会发展到较旧的青春期； 3）测试是否：a）在动态环境中增加社会混乱的暴露和降低集体效能的暴露会导致整个青春期的Atod/Delinquency的增加； b）在动态环境中暴露的这些变化比在住宅空间中的社会混乱/集体效力更能预测青少年风险行为，从而控制了协变量。 325 14-16岁的年轻人将在每年的3次浪潮中进行一个月的追踪。支持GPS的智能手机将用于测量青少年旅行模式以描绘青少年的动态环境，并允许将混乱和集体效能的衡量标准添加到位置点上，从而量化暴露于上下文影响的影响。使用手机还将通过文本贡献的网络调查允许生态时刻评估（EMA）评估ATOD使用/犯罪性，以确定这些行为如何实时评估与暴露于混乱和集体功效有关。该研究将基于正在进行的资助赠款，该赠款提供现有的采样框架和档案上下文数据。拟议的研究通过使用一种新颖的GPS-EMA综合方法来研究考虑青少年花费时间的暴露的重要性，扩大了上下文影响的传统观点，因为这些方法可能与风险行为更相关。为了为预防工作/政策提供信息，必须理解这一点。这项研究可以指导未来的预防努力，这些工作使用手机通过通过青少年的旅行模式来识别风险行为的前体来传达靠近风险行为的预防信息。