Integrating neural and momentary assessment of parenting, arousal, and adolescent substance use

项目概要/摘要 青春期是增加物质使用（SU）的风险期。此外，SU率正在增加， 青春期女孩，但在SU的性别差异研究不足。鉴于公共卫生问题， 青少年SU，关键是要确定SU的风险因素，并利用这些因素来制定可访问的性别敏感的 预防措施。SU的一个风险因素是适应不良的父母。不适应的父母可能导致铅SU 通过它对青少年情绪和奖励相关唤醒的影响。我的国家卫生研究院资助的 使用实验室和功能磁共振成像方法的研究发现，适应不良的父母预测， 女孩的负面情绪唤起和男孩的高度奖励唤起，这预示着SU增加 （R01-DA033431）。然而，这些实验室/MRI结果是有限的，因为它们不能捕获真实世界的近端 养育、唤醒和SU之间的关联。我的另一项研究发现， 改善父母养育方式可以预防青少年SU（R 01-DA 052427）。然而，育儿干预是有限的 因为它们并不是所有父母都能接触到的，也没有解决现实世界中暂时的养育问题。 为了解决这个问题，拟议的K 02奖将为我提供受保护的时间（通过从 教学和行政职责）和先进的培训瞬间科学，以改变我的线， 发展和干预研究，并改变这些科学领域。K 02将为我提供 通过生态瞬时评估（EMA）概念模型的实践培训，EMA收集和 分析、fMRI-EMA分析、传感器集成和生态瞬时干预（EMI）开发。 通过这次培训，我将更全面地描述父母对SU的影响机制中的性别差异， 将确定可访问的智能手机提供的瞬时父母为重点的干预目标，以防止 苏K 02研究将增加为期4周的父母养育、青少年情绪和奖励唤醒以及SU的EMA， 我正在进行的实验室/MRI R 01研究，在他们的3年随访中（15-16岁， SU的升级）。我将使用这个EMA来理解瞬间的养育、唤醒和SU关联（通过 性）在真实的世界背景中。我将利用已经收集的功能磁共振成像数据从R 01当年轻人12岁- 13以检查青少年早期的fMRI反应是否会缓解短暂的EMA关联。 这个K 02奖将通过允许调查 神经生物学风险和对瞬间现实世界养育行为的敏感性。K 02研究将受益于 来自R 01研究中已经招募并接受MRI扫描的青少年，他们正在接受R 01的随访 3年，进行广泛的纵向评估。K 02奖将允许EMA的实践培训， 改变我的研究计划，为R 01应用程序提供试点数据，以进行大型EMA-fMRI研究， 培训和试点数据，以帮助我制定减少消极育儿的瞬时干预措施（或 在真实的世界环境中，青少年对父母养育的反应），以防止青少年SU。

Project Summary/Abstract Adolescence is a risk period for increases in substance use (SU). Also, SU rates are increasing for adolescent girls, however sex differences in SU are under-studied. Given the public health problem of adolescent SU, it is critical to identify risk factors for SU and use those to develop accessible gender-sensitive SU preventions. One risk factor for SU is maladaptive parenting. Maladaptive parenting may lead to lead SU through its effects on adolescent emotion and reward-related arousal. My NIH-funded line of developmental research, using laboratory and fMRI methods, has found that maladaptive parenting predicts heightened negative emotional arousal for girls and heightened reward arousal for boys, which predicts increased SU (R01-DA033431). However, these lab/MRI findings are limited in that they do not capture real-world proximal associations among parenting, arousal, and SU. My other line of research has found that interventions that improve parenting can prevent adolescent SU (R01-DA052427). However, parenting interventions are limited in that they are not accessible to all parents and do not address momentary real-world parenting. To address this, the proposed K02 Award would provide me with protected time (through release from teaching and administrative duties) and advanced training in momentary science to transform my lines of developmental and intervention research and to transform those scientific fields. The K02 would provide me with hands-on training in conceptual models of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), EMA collection and analyses, fMRI-EMA analyses, sensor integration, and ecological momentary intervention (EMI) development. With this training, I will more fully characterize sex differences in mechanisms of parenting effects on SU and will identify targets for accessible smart-phone delivered momentary parenting-focused interventions to prevent SU. The K02 study would add a 4 week EMA of parenting, adolescent emotion and reward arousal, and SU to my ongoing lab/MRI R01 study with a subset of 75 adolescents at their 3 year follow-ups (at age 15-16, during escalation of SU). I will use this EMA to understand momentary parenting, arousal, and SU associations (by sex) in real world contexts. I will leverage already collected fMRI data from the R01 when youth were age 12- 13 to examine whether adolescents’ earlier fMRI responses moderate momentary EMA associations. This K02 Award would enhance my research by allowing investigation of interplay between neurobiological risk and sensitivity to momentary real-world parenting behaviors. The K02 study will benefit from the already recruited and MRI scanned youth in the R01 study who are being followed through the R01 for 3 years with extensive longitudinal assessments. The K02 Award will allow hands-on training in EMA to transform my program of research, pilot data for a R01 application to conduct a large EMA-fMRI study, and training and pilot data for me to develop momentary interventions that reduces negative parenting (or adolescent arousal in response to parenting) in the moment in real world settings to prevent adolescent SU.