Reducing Health Disparities Among Minority Households Through Improved Financial Decision Making: Evidence from Negative Income Transfers Generated by the Affordable Care Act
Reducing Health Disparities Among Minority Households Through Improved Financial Decision Making: Evidence from Negative Income Transfers Generated by the Affordable Care Act
批准号:
9295090
负责人:
Layla Booshehri
金额:
$7.8万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-05-23 至 2019-01-31
关键词:
AddressAdoptedAdoptionAdultAffectAffordable Care ActAmericanApplications GrantsBackBankruptcyBehaviorBudgetsCaringChildChronic DiseaseCongressesDeductiblesDiseaseEconomicsEligibility DeterminationExpenditureFaceGovernmentGovernment ProgramsHealthHealth InsuranceHealth behaviorHispanicsHouseholdImprove AccessIncidenceIncomeIndividualInsuranceInsurance CoverageLeadLogistic RegressionsLow incomeMeasuresMedicaidMedicalMedical LiabilitiesMinorityModelingMorbidity - disease rateOutcomePatientsPhysiciansPoliciesPovertyReportingResearchResourcesRiskSchemeSecurityServicesShockSocial WelfareStructureSubgroupSystemTaxesUninsuredUnited StatesVariantVoluntary Health Insurancecombatcostdesignexperiencefinancial decision makinghealth care availabilityhealth disparityimprovedpaymentresponsetool
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英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) transitioned the United States away from a voluntary health insurance system
to a universal participation scheme primarily through the use of an individual mandate, which requires all
Americans to obtain some form of health insurance coverage or face a penalty. By mandating a more inclusive
system, the individual mandate is able to raise social welfare through lowering the overall cost of accessing
healthcare services. On the other hand, an involuntary insurance scheme can compromise the economic
security of households, as the lack of complementary policies within the ACA forces some households to
finance a significant part of their health insurance premiums. This negative income transfer from the ACA can
constrain household budgets to the point where they curtail utilization of necessities, which can lead to the
adoption of adverse health behaviors that can cause negative health outcomes. Moreover, as minority
households are most likely to be living in or near poverty, they are disproportionally affected more than other
groups. This is a particularly troubling result, as the ACA’s individual mandate raises social welfare at the
expense of individual welfare without a clear mechanism to compensate for this loss.
One way to address this issue is for households to seek transfer payments from the government that will help
limit their losses to health and medical related debts. Governments are ideal to engage with, as they issue one-
way transfers that are not required to pay back. In general, households can solicit transfers from the
government using the tax system (i.e., claiming medical deductions) or bankruptcy to reschedule or discharge
medical debts. Such financial tools have the potential of not only mitigating welfare losses from negative
income transfers, but also allow for reinvestment into a household’s health and wellbeing. The research
contained within this proposal investigates two main aims. The first research aim investigates the impact of
income transfers generated by the ACA on household financial decision-making. The main analysis in this aim
utilizes difference-in-difference models to examine the impacts of both positive and negative income transfers
on a household’s propensity to itemize deductions or declare bankruptcy. The second aim examines the
impact of financial decision-making on health outcomes. Logistic regression and multinomial regression are
both utilized to examine how the morbidity of disease and appropriate levels of utilization are impacted by
itemization and bankruptcy decisions.
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