Development of energy harvesters for powering leadless pacemakers from myocardial motion
Development of energy harvesters for powering leadless pacemakers from myocardial motion
批准号:
9388130
负责人:
M. Amin Karami
金额:
$18.37万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-07-01 至 2019-04-30
关键词:
Animal TestingArtificial cardiac pacemakerBody TemperatureCardiacCategoriesCicatrixClosure by clampCommunicationDevelopmentDevicesDimensionsElectricityElementsEnergy-Generating ResourcesEnsureEpicardiumFatigueFeedbackFutureGenerationsGoalsGuidelinesHarvestHeartHeart ContractilitiesHeart RateHemorrhageImplantIn VitroInfectionLifeLinkLiteratureLocationMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetismMechanicsMedical DeviceModelingModernizationMotionMyocardialOperative Surgical ProceduresOutcomeOutputPacemakersPatientsPerformancePeriodicityPower SourcesProceduresProcessProductionResearchRight ventricular structureRunningShapesSolidStructureSurgical suturesSystemTechnologyTestingTimeTissuesVariantVentricularbasecommercializationdensitydesignenergy densityexperimental studyheart motionin vivolung injurymodel designnovelpredicting responseprototyperegenerativeresearch clinical testingresponsetechnology developmentvibration
中文摘要
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英文摘要
This project investigates continuous powering of leadless cardiac pacemakers by conversion of mechanical
energy of the heart to electrical energy. This energy conversion process is called vibration energy harvesting.
The central element in piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (EHs) is a piezoelectric structure. The
structure resonates in response to the ambient oscillations, and its mechanical oscillations are converted to
electrical energy through the piezoelectric phenomenon. The amounts of energy produced by vibration energy
harvesting are typically in the order of microwatts. If EHs are used instead of batteries to power a system, they
will be permanent regenerative power sources and will not need replacement. The fact that EHs are permanent
power sources is instrumental for leadless pacemakers. Unlike conventional pacemakers, leadless
pacemakers cannot be extracted from the heart when their batteries deplete. Thus after about seven years a
new leadless pacemaker must be implanted in the heart which occupies even further ventricular space. We
have shown that an EH can be developed to regeneratively power the conventional pacemakers by conversion
of heart beat induced vibrations to electricity. This could eliminate the need for periodic pacemaker
replacement surgeries. Leadless pacemakers are implanted in the heart and are thus substantially smaller
than conventional pacemakers. This size limit demanded miniature EHs.
Our preliminary studies show that vibration EHs can have larger power density than the leadless pacemaker
batteries. Using an EH instead of a battery will not only result in potentially permanent leadless pacemakers
but also enables adding more functions to the pacemaker. This project involves systematic modeling, design,
optimization, fabrication, and testing of a number of EH designs for leadless pacemakers. Since the typical
shape of a leadless pacemaker is cylindrical, the shape of the EH element should be three-dimensional. This
sets the EH designs in this project aside from the majority of the EH in the literature, which are 2D. The
investigated EHs are divided into two large categories of linear and nonlinear EHs. Nonlinear EHs are more
advanced and more complicated. If properly designed, nonlinear EHs can be very robust to heart rate
variations. The proposed linear EH is a fan-folded structure composed of multiple linked beams clamped at
one end and free at the other end. We use thermal and magnetic buckling to induce nonlinearity in the
nonlinear EH. Development of electromechanical models that can accurately predict the response of the EH
designs is a major goal of this project. These models will be used to optimally design the miniature EHs.
Fabrication and experimental testing of each EH design (through in vitro and animal tests) will both evaluate
the models and calibrate the performance of the EHs. The project also includes extensive reliability analyses to
ensure the long life time of the EH and to ascertain sufficient power production of the EH despite variations of
heart rate and heart contractility among patients.
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Development of energy harvesters for powering leadless pacemakers from myocardial motion
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批准号:9518907
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$21.97万
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财政年份:2017
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负责人:M. Amin Karami
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依托单位: