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Development of energy harvesters for powering leadless pacemakers from myocardial motion

开发能量采集器，通过心肌运动为无引线起搏器提供动力

基本信息

批准号：
9518907
负责人：
M. Amin Karami
金额：
$ 21.97万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2021-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9518907
关键词：
Animal Testing Body Temperature Cardiac pacemaker Categories Cicatrix Closure by clamp Communication Development Devices Dimensions Electricity Elements Energy-Generating Resources Ensure Epicardium Fatigue Feedback Future Generations Goals Guidelines Harvest Heart Heart Contractilities Heart Rate Hemorrhage Implant In Vitro Infection Life Link Literature Location Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetism Mechanics Medical Device Modeling Modernization Motion Myocardial Operative Surgical Procedures Outcome Output Pacemakers Patients Performance Periodicity Power Sources Procedures Process Production Research Right ventricular structure Running Shapes Solid Structure Surgical sutures System Technology Testing Time Tissues Variant Ventricular base cardiac device commercialization density design energy density experimental study heart motion in vivo lung injury model design novel predicting response prototype regenerative research clinical testing response technology development vibration

项目摘要

This project investigates continuous powering of leadless cardiac pacemakers by conversion of mechanical energy of the heart to electrical energy. This energy conversion process is called vibration energy harvesting. The central element in piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (EHs) is a piezoelectric structure. The structure resonates in response to the ambient oscillations, and its mechanical oscillations are converted to electrical energy through the piezoelectric phenomenon. The amounts of energy produced by vibration energy harvesting are typically in the order of microwatts. If EHs are used instead of batteries to power a system, they will be permanent regenerative power sources and will not need replacement. The fact that EHs are permanent power sources is instrumental for leadless pacemakers. Unlike conventional pacemakers, leadless pacemakers cannot be extracted from the heart when their batteries deplete. Thus after about seven years a new leadless pacemaker must be implanted in the heart which occupies even further ventricular space. We have shown that an EH can be developed to regeneratively power the conventional pacemakers by conversion of heart beat induced vibrations to electricity. This could eliminate the need for periodic pacemaker replacement surgeries. Leadless pacemakers are implanted in the heart and are thus substantially smaller than conventional pacemakers. This size limit demanded miniature EHs. Our preliminary studies show that vibration EHs can have larger power density than the leadless pacemaker batteries. Using an EH instead of a battery will not only result in potentially permanent leadless pacemakers but also enables adding more functions to the pacemaker. This project involves systematic modeling, design, optimization, fabrication, and testing of a number of EH designs for leadless pacemakers. Since the typical shape of a leadless pacemaker is cylindrical, the shape of the EH element should be three-dimensional. This sets the EH designs in this project aside from the majority of the EH in the literature, which are 2D. The investigated EHs are divided into two large categories of linear and nonlinear EHs. Nonlinear EHs are more advanced and more complicated. If properly designed, nonlinear EHs can be very robust to heart rate variations. The proposed linear EH is a fan-folded structure composed of multiple linked beams clamped at one end and free at the other end. We use thermal and magnetic buckling to induce nonlinearity in the nonlinear EH. Development of electromechanical models that can accurately predict the response of the EH designs is a major goal of this project. These models will be used to optimally design the miniature EHs. Fabrication and experimental testing of each EH design (through in vitro and animal tests) will both evaluate the models and calibrate the performance of the EHs. The project also includes extensive reliability analyses to ensure the long life time of the EH and to ascertain sufficient power production of the EH despite variations of heart rate and heart contractility among patients.

本项目研究通过机械转换为无导线心脏起搏器的连续供电心脏的能量转换成电能。这个能量转换过程被称为振动能量收集。压电振动能量采集器（EH）中的中心元件是压电结构。结构响应于环境振荡而共振，并且其机械振荡被转换为通过压电现象产生电能。振动能产生的能量收集通常是在微瓦的数量级。如果使用EH代替电池来为系统供电，将是永久性的再生电源，不需要更换。事实上，电源是无导线起搏器的重要组成部分。与传统起搏器不同，起搏器在电池耗尽时不能从心脏中取出。因此，大约七年后，新的无引线起搏器必须植入心脏，心脏占据更大的心室空间。已经表明，EH可以开发成通过转换为传统起搏器提供再生动力心脏跳动引起的振动转化为电流。这可以消除对周期性起搏器的需要无导线起搏器植入心脏，因此体积小得多，这种尺寸限制要求微型心脏起搏器。我们的初步研究表明，振动EH可以有更大的功率密度比无引线起搏器使用EH代替电池不仅会导致潜在的永久性无引线起搏器还可以为起搏器增加更多的功能。本项目涉及系统建模、设计、优化、制造和测试用于无引线起搏器的许多EH设计。由于典型的无引线起搏器的形状是圆柱形的，EH元件的形状应该是三维的。将本项目中的EH设计与文献中的大多数EH设计（2D）分开。研究的EH分为线性EH和非线性EH两大类，非线性EH较多，如果设计得当，非线性EH可以对心率非常鲁棒所提出的线性EH是由多个连接梁组成的扇形折叠结构，一端自由，另一端自由。我们使用热屈曲和磁屈曲来诱导非线性，非线性EH.开发机电模型，可以准确预测EH的响应设计是这个项目的主要目标。2这些模型将用于优化设计微型电动车。每个EH设计的制造和实验测试（通过体外和动物测试）都将评估该项目还包括广泛的可靠性分析，确保EH的长使用寿命，并确保EH有足够的发电量，尽管存在变化患者的心率和心脏收缩力。