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Young Africans’ Changing Understandings of HIV/AIDS Risk

非洲年轻人对艾滋病毒/艾滋病风险的认识不断变化

基本信息

批准号：
9349351
负责人：
S KATE WINSKELL
金额：
$ 49.39万
依托单位：
EMORY UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-09-04 至 2020-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9349351
关键词：
AIDS prevention AIDS/HIV problem Address Africa South of the Sahara African Age Behavioral Burkina Faso Characteristics Communication Country Cross-Sectional Studies Data Data Analyses Development Education Ensure Environment Epidemic Epidemiology Ethnography Evolution Film Funding Gender Goals HIV Intervention Kenya Methodology Modeling National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nigeria Outcome Pattern Play Policies Prevention Process Recommendation Recording of previous events Research Risk Role Sampling Senegal Services Sex Behavior Source Swaziland Technology Testing Time Treatment outcome Woman Writing Youth comparative contextual factors experience improved insight interest literacy longitudinal analysis member programs public health relevance response rural residence skills social social stigma statistics treatment adherence uptake

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The past two decades have seen unprecedented scientific, technical and programmatic advances in the prevention and treatment of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. However, HIV-related stigma continues to have negative effects across the prevention and treatment continuum. Communication efforts play a central role in HIV prevention and treatment literacy, in normalizing testing and uptake of prevention technologies, and in informing stigma and its effects. As interest in treatment-as-prevention grows, it is increasingly important to assess and address the evolving HIV communication needs of young Africans in order to ensure that they are equipped with the contextualized understanding and skills to promptly access services themselves and to contribute to an enabling environment that supports HIV prevention, testing, treatment, and adherence for others. Unique longitudinal qualitative data from 47 countries, collected during a critical 18-year period (1997- 2014) in the history of the epidemic, offer an unprecedented opportunity to examine how young Africans are making sense of evolving developments in HIV prevention and treatment and to identify cultural meanings and contextual factors that inform uptake of key biomedical interventions and behavioral practices. More than 150,000 young people from across sub-Saharan Africa took part in HIV-themed scriptwriting contests held at 8 discreet time points between 1997 and 2014, creating over 75,000 narratives. The proposed project will analyze a stratified random sample of 2,681 of these narratives written at each of the time points (1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2014) and by young people in five countries with diverse epidemiological and sociocultural profiles (Burkina Faso, Senegal, Nigeria, Kenya and Swaziland). It will use validated, rigorous methodologies developed in an earlier NICHD-funded study that combine in-depth narrative analysis, thematic qualitative data analysis, and descriptive statistics on quantifiable characteristics of the narratives. Patterns across the narratives will illuminate the cross-national, age, and gender distribution and longitudinal evolution of young people's social representations of biomedical interventions and behavioral practices across the prevention and treatment continuum and of people living with HIV (PLWH) and women. The overall goal of the proposed project is to contribute to efforts to improve prevention and treatment and stigma-reduction outcomes among young people in sub-Saharan Africa by identifying communication needs and best practices at country levels. The study will also generate comparative findings of importance for assessing national responses to HIV and for increasing understanding of processes of sociocultural change. Research team members from the five countries with extensive experience at program and policy levels will ensure contextual sensitivity of analysis, increase their own research capacity, and disseminate findings to key national stakeholders. The research has the advantage of being readily applicable in programmatic practice as the narratives provide a goldmine of authentic scenarios for the development of culturally adapted interventions.

描述（由申请人提供）：过去二十年，撒哈拉以南非洲地区在预防和治疗艾滋病毒方面取得了前所未有的科学、技术和规划进展。然而，与艾滋病毒相关的耻辱继续在整个预防和治疗过程中产生负面影响。传播工作在艾滋病毒预防和治疗知识普及、检测正常化和预防技术的采用以及了解耻辱及其影响方面发挥着核心作用。随着人们对以治疗为预防的兴趣日益增长，评估和解决非洲年轻人不断变化的艾滋病毒传播需求变得越来越重要，以确保他们具备具体情况的理解和技能，以便自己迅速获得服务，并为支持艾滋病毒预防、检测、治疗和其他人的依从性创造有利的环境。来自 47 个国家的独特纵向定性数据是在该流行病历史上关键的 18 年期间（1997 年至 2014 年）收集的，提供了前所未有的机会来研究非洲年轻人如何理解艾滋病毒预防和治疗不断发展的发展，并确定影响关键生物医学干预措施和行为实践的文化意义和背景因素。来自撒哈拉以南非洲地区的超过 15 万年轻人参加了 1997 年至 2014 年间在 8 个离散时间点举办的以艾滋病毒为主题的剧本创作比赛，创作了超过 75,000 个故事。拟议项目将分析由五个具有不同流行病学和社会文化特征的国家（布基纳法索、塞内加尔、尼日利亚、肯尼亚和斯威士兰）的年轻人在每个时间点（1997、2000、2002、2005、2008、2011、2013、2014）撰写的2,681个叙述的分层随机样本。它将使用 NICHD 资助的早期研究中开发的经过验证、严格的方法，结合深入的叙述分析、主题定性数据分析和关于叙述的可量化特征的描述性统计。整个叙述的模式将阐明年轻人在整个预防和治疗过程中以及艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）和妇女的生物医学干预和行为实践的社会表征的跨国、年龄和性别分布以及纵向演变。拟议项目的总体目标是通过确定国家层面的沟通需求和最佳做法，为改善撒哈拉以南非洲年轻人的预防和治疗以及减少耻辱成果做出贡献。该研究还将得出对于评估各国艾滋病毒应对措施和增进对社会文化变革过程的理解具有重要意义的比较结果。来自五个国家的研究团队成员在计划和政策层面拥有丰富的经验，将确保分析的背景敏感性，提高自己的研究能力，并向主要国家利益相关者传播研究结果。该研究的优点是易于应用于规划实践，因为叙述为开发适应文化的干预措施提供了真实场景的金矿。