Daily Covariation of Salivary Cortisol between Parents and Their Children

这项研究使用日常日记数据来调查父母和孩子是否以及如何影响每个人的功能 其他的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质(HPA)系统。亲密、积极的关系具有很强的隐含意义-- 对儿童和家长健康的呼吁。人际关系可能影响健康的一个途径是它们对 与应激相关的生理学；具体地说，是指HPA系统的功能。皮质醇，荷尔蒙副产品 HPA系统，增加对压力的反应，调动能量资源。慢性的、反复的激活 HPA系统可以触发不健康的皮质醇模式，这种模式与一系列长期的身体和 心理健康问题。确定父母和孩子是否以及如何影响彼此的HPA功能 对促进终生健康至关重要。最近的研究表明，孩子和父母不仅会对孩子产生影响 影响对方的HPA系统，但父母和孩子的皮质醇也会随时间“同步”或共同变化。然而， 关于亲子皮质醇共变是如何发生的，以及亲子之间的影响方向，我们知之甚少 DYAD，或亲子皮质醇协变和孩子结局之间的联系。这项研究将填补 这些未被研究的领域通过实现以下三个目标：目标1检验关系的方向 父母和孩子每日皮质醇之间的关系以及这些联系的相对强度。要解决这个问题 目的，我们将检验儿童和父母皮质醇之间的双向关系，检验假设 父母的皮质醇与孩子的皮质醇模式有关，反之亦然。目标2测试亲子是否- 行为交互作用调节父母和孩子皮质醇之间的联系，解开这一过程的包围圈。 亲子皮质醇协变。调节因素包括积极/消极的亲子互动和PAR- 儿时在一起的时光。目标3测试亲子皮质醇共变是否与儿童出局有关 出现危险行为、抑郁和身体健康症状。AIM 4测试是否亲子科蒂- SOL协变因儿童年龄和生物性别不同而不同。我们将使用SEC实现这些目标- 二次数据来自一项为期8天的每日日记研究，该研究是NICHD研究工作、家庭、健康项目的一部分。 创新：每日日记设计使我们能够捕捉皮质醇和父母的关键日常波动- 儿童互动。皮质醇的测量是在多个时间点从父母和孩子那里收集的 Dday，使我们能够建立调查日常双向关联所需的时间顺序 和调解过程。样本的多样性将使我们能够研究关键的调节机制- 诸如儿童性别和年龄之类的名词。我们的统计方法将使我们能够测试亲子皮质醇 除了行为上的互动，协变对儿童的健康也有影响。公共卫生影响：低于- 站起来是否以及如何影响父母和孩子的HPA功能对以下方面具有重要意义 长期的健康结果。这项研究将增进我们对哪些家庭成员、行为、 在旨在改善儿童和家长健康的干预措施中，以小组为目标。

This study uses daily diary data to investigate if and how parents and children affect the functioning of each other's hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system. Close, positive relationships have strong implica- tions for child and parent health. One avenue by which relationships may influence health is their impact on stress-related physiology; specifically, the functioning of the HPA system. Cortisol, the hormonal byproduct of the HPA system, increases in response to stress, mobilizing energy resources. Chronic, repeated activation of the HPA system can trigger unhealthy cortisol patterns, which are linked to a host of long-term physical and mental health problems. Determining if and how parents and children affect one another's HPA functioning is crucial to promoting health over the life course. Recent research suggests children and parents not only influ- ence the other's HPA system but that parent and child's cortisol will also “sync up” or covary over time. Yet, little is known about how parent–child cortisol covariation occurs, the direction of effects within the parent–child dyad, or the linkages between parent-child cortisol covariation and child outcomes. This study will fill gaps in these understudied areas by accomplishing the following 3 aims: Aim 1 tests the direction of the relations between parent and child daily cortisol and the relative strength of those associations. To address this aim, we will examine the bidirectional relationships between child and parent cortisol, testing the hypothesis that parental cortisol is linked to child cortisol patterns and vice versa. Aim 2 tests whether parent-child be- havioral interactions mediate the linkages between parent and child cortisol, unpacking the process un- derlying parent–child cortisol covariation. Mediators include positive/negative parent–child interactions and par- ent–child time together. Aim 3 tests if parent–child cortisol covariation is associated with child out- comes, such as risky behavior, depression, and physical health symptoms. Aim 4 tests if parent–child corti- sol covariation differs based on child age and biological sex. We will accomplish these aims using sec- ondary data from an 8-day daily diary study that was part of the Work, Family, Health Project, an NICHD study. Innovation: The daily diary design enables us to capture critical day-to-day fluctuations in cortisol and parent– child interactions. Measures of cortisol were collected from parents and children at multiple time points in a day, enabling us to establish the temporal ordering needed to investigate day-to-day bidirectional associations and mediational processes. The diversity of the sample will enable us to investigate key moderating mecha- nisms such as child sex and age. Our statistical approach will enable us to test whether parent–child cortisol covariation has health implications for children beyond behavioral interactions. Public Health Impact: Under- standing if and how parents and children affect one another's HPA functioning has important implications for long-term health outcomes. This study will advance our understanding of which family members, behaviors, and subgroups to target in interventions aimed to improve child and parent health.