A Computational Biomechanical Airway Model for Obese Children at Risk for OSAS

摘要 儿童肥胖症仍然很普遍，在少数民族中最为普遍。肥胖的儿童有更高的风险， 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）的发病率估计为50%，相比之下， 一般儿科人群，已知患病率为2- 4%。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征伴随着严重的神经认知问题， 心血管和代谢紊乱此外，肥胖儿童对治疗反应不佳 如腺样体扁桃体切除术或体重减轻伴残余OSAS超过50%。尽管取得了进展， 近年来，为了了解儿童OSAS的解剖学和功能属性， 对于大多数肥胖儿童来说，导致这种疾病的精确机制仍然未知，这阻碍了研究的进展。 开发有效的治疗方法。因此，本研究的首要目标是实施最先进的 使用计算流体动力学（CFD）的动态磁共振成像（MRI）和图像分析 和生物力学建模，以建立导致OSAS或防止OSAS的生物力学基础， 天真的和治疗过的肥胖儿童。

ABSTRACT Childhood obesity remains epidemic and is most prevalent in minorities. Obese children have a higher risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with an estimated prevalence of 50%, compared to the general pediatric population with a known prevalence of 2-4%. OSAS carries with it significant neurocognitive, cardiovascular, and metabolic derangements. Additionally, obese children do not respond well to treatment such as adenotonsillectomy or weight loss with residual OSAS exceeding 50%. Despite progress that has been made in recent years to understand the anatomical and functional attributes of OSAS in children, the precise mechanism leading to the disorder remains unknown in the majority of obese children, hindering the development of efficacious treatments. Thus, the overarching goal of this study is to implement state-of-the-art dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and image analytics using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and biomechanical modeling, to establish the biomechanical basis that leads to OSAS or protects from it, in naïve and treated children with obesity.