New Media Core

在这一部分，我们举例说明当前的艾滋病毒中心发展核心、CCNMTL和艾滋病毒中心调查人员使用新媒体工具取得的成就。我们还指出，使用这些工具的巨大潜力摆在我们面前。最重要的是，在具体目标4中，我们强调需要应用各种领域的理论(例如，人种学、互动设计、人机互动和基于可用性的研究[24])，以了解和评估新媒体工具和战略的应用在艾滋病毒领域可能产生的影响；这将是制定新的理论和概念框架的基础，这将大大促进该领域的进步。 通过实现其具体目标，新媒体核心不仅将支持和优化艾滋病毒中心调查人员在该中心关于执行和翻译科学的专题重点方面的工作，而且还将有助于为该领域设定新的标准，并为世界各地的艾滋病毒研究人员展示新的可能性。后一种影响将通过各种传播战略实现，包括科学会议报告、出版物和在线媒体张贴(例如，将演示视频--如CCNMTL使用的视频--上传到YouTube；见第2.2节)，介绍如何在 艾滋病毒研究。这将解决资源日益减少这一世界性重大挑战，并需要使艾滋病毒预防和护理工具随时可供传播和推广。 2.1新媒体的使用将大大改善数据收集工作。新的媒体工具特别适合艾滋病毒研究中的数据收集，因为它们已被证明，例如，提高保密性，不太容易受到社会期望和采访者偏见的影响，允许从不同地点即时收集数据，并使用内部逻辑检查来减少数据不一致[25]。艾滋病毒中心的研究人员在他们的研究中逐步纳入了一些新媒体数据收集工具。例如，Carbalo-Diguez使用基于网络的计算机辅助自访(CASI)来收集对美国几个不同城市的问卷的回复，这些问卷立即输入位于纽约的中央服务器[26]。鲁本·罗宾斯博士，最近从艾滋病毒中心博士后奖学金项目毕业，现任哥伦比亚大学精神病学系助理教授，正在与同事合作开发一种智能手机应用程序，以检测与艾滋病毒相关的神经认知障碍--可通过反应时间、记忆力、处理速度和注意力来衡量--将用于南非的一项研究[27]。海诺·迈耶-巴尔堡，雷尔博士。NAT。使用配有特殊安全措施的视频会议，通过现场采访各种精神健康状况的患者、他们的家人和临床医生来进行远程评估。Carbalo-Diguez使用交互式语音应答(IVR)系统来监控MicroBidde试验中的日常遵守情况和性行为，跟踪激励积累，为参与者生成呼叫系统的提醒消息，并在未接日常电话的情况下向研究人员发出警报[28]。 有关艾滋病毒中心调查人员使用的新媒体工具的更详细列表，请参阅附录G.1。 新媒体领域在不断发展，市场上不断出现令人兴奋的招聘和数据收集的新可能性。此类工具的示例包括： ·基于全球定位系统(GPS)的社交网络。这些应用(App)使用GPS来指示用户感兴趣的附近人群。其中一款移动应用Grindr在男男性行为者(MSM)中很受欢迎，他们使用它来识别自己所在地区小半径内的其他MSM并与其互动，洛杉矶的研究人员最近使用它来定位MSM参与者，进行直肠微比德研究。研究人员可以使用这样的工具来确定不同邮政编码的人口相对密度，并决定招聘策略。 ·使用智能手机录制和发送带有时间戳的视频。这项技术可以被用作直接观察疗法的新媒体等价物，通过记录参与者服用暴露前预防药物的情况来增强依从性数据收集[29]。 ·可食用的事件标记。添加到药丸中的可食用微芯片在暴露于胃分泌物时向外部数据捕获系统发送简短的独特电子信号，以确认药丸已被摄入[30]，并可用于收集关于抗逆转录病毒依从性的数据[31]。 有关当前可访问的新媒体数据收集工具的更多示例，请参见附录G.2。 更多的数据收集工具将在下一个P30资助期期间提供。新媒体核心将通过鼓励将新媒体工具纳入他们的研究研究来帮助中心研究人员提高他们收集的数据的范围和质量。新媒体核心将与统计、流行病学和数据管理(SED)核心密切合作，为可能通过使用新媒体工具产生的大量信息确定创造性的数据管理战略和统计分析方法，并解决数据安全问题。

In this section, we give examples of the accomplishments that the current HIV Center Development Core, CCNMTL, and HIV Center investigators have had using New Media tools. We also point out the extraordinary potential ahead of us for the use of these tools. Most importantly, in Specific Aim 4, we highlight the need to apply theories from a variety of fields (e.g., ethnography, interaction design, human computer interaction, and usability-based studies [24]) to understand and assess the effect that the application of New Media tools and strategies may have in the HIV field; This will be the basis for the development of new theoretical and conceptual frameworks that will significantly contribute to the advancement of the field. By achieving its Specific Aims, the New Media Core will not only support and optimize the work of HIV Center investigators in the Center's thematic emphasis on implementation and translational science but will also contribute to set new standards for the field and showcase new possibilities for HIV researchers worldwide. The latter impact will be achieved through a variety of dissemination strategies including scientific conference presentations, publications, and online media postings (e.g., demonstration videos - such as those used by CCNMTL - uploaded to YouTube; see Section 2.2) on the use of New Media in HIV research. This will address both the worldwide critical challenge of dwindling resources and the need to make HIV prevention and care tools readily available for dissemination and scalability. 2.1 The use of New Media will significantly improve data collection. New Media tools are particularly suited for data collection in HIV research as they have been shown, for example, to increase confidentiality, be less susceptible to social desirability and interviewer biases, allow for instantaneous collection of data from various locations, and use internal logic checks to decrease data inconsistencies [25]. HIV Center researchers have progressively incorporated a number of New Media data collection tools in their studies. For example, Carballo-Dieguez used web-based Computer Assisted Self-Interviews (CASI) to collect responses to questionnaires being entered in several different US cities instantly on a central server located in New York [26]. Reuben Robbins, Ph.D., a recent graduate from the HIV Center postdoctoral fellowship program and current Assistant Professor in the Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, is working with colleagues to develop a smart-phone application to detect HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders - measurable through reaction time, memory, processing speed, and attention - to be used in a study in South Africa [27]. Heino Meyer-Bahlburg, Dr.rer. nat., uses videoconferencing enhanced with special security measures to conduct long-distance evaluation through live interviews of patients with various mental health conditions, their family members, and clinicians. Carballo-Dieguez used an interactive voice response (IVR) system to monitor daily adherence and sexual practices in microbidde trials, track incentive accumulation, generate reminder messages for participants to call the system, and alert researchers in the case of missed daily calls [28]. See Appendix G.1 for a more detailed listing of New Media tools used by HIV Center investigators. The New Media field is ever evolving, with exciting new possibilities for recruitment and data collection constantly appearing on the market. Examples of such tools include the following: • Global Positioning System (GPS)-based social networks. These applications (apps) use GPS to indicate nearby populations of interest to the user. One such mobile app, Grindr, which is popular among men who have sex with men (MSM), who use it to identify and interact with other MSM within a small radius of their location, was recently used by researchers in Los Angeles to locate MSM participants for a rectal microbidde study. Tools like this one can be used by researchers to determine the comparative density of populations in different zip codes and decide on recruitment strategies. • Time stamped videos recorded and sent using smart phones. This technology can be used as the New Media equivalent of directly observed therapy to enhance adherence data collection by recording participants ingesting pre-exposure prophylaxis medication [29]. • Ingestible event markers. Ingestible microchips added to pills transmit a brief distinctive electronic signal to an external data capture system when exposed to the gastric secretions to confirm that the pill was ingested [30] and can be used to collect data on antiretroviral adherence [31]. See Appendix G.2 for more examples of New Media data collection tools currently accessible. Many more data collection tools will become available in the course of the next P30 funding period. The New Media Core will help Center researchers increase the scope and quality of data they collect by encouraging the inclusion of New Media tools in their research studies. The New Media Core will work closely with the Statistics, Epidemiology and Data Management (SED) Core to identify creative data management strategies and statistical analysis approaches for the enormous amounts of information likely to be generated through the use of New Media tools as well as to address issues of data security.