Molecular Mechanisms of Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity

描述（由申请人提供）：当受到外部或内部扰动的挑战时，神经元能够恢复其活性。这种类型的稳态可塑性对于在发育和正常脑功能期间维持神经元或网络稳定性是重要的。在稳态突触可塑性过程中，神经元活动的长期抑制导致突触分布的AMPA受体（AMPAR）和突触电流强度的代偿性增加。AMPAR是由GluA 1 -4亚基组成的异源四聚体通道。与仅允许钠的常规含GluA 2的AMPAR相比，缺乏GluA 2的受体对钠和钙都是可渗透的。GluA 2缺乏，钙渗透AMPAR（Cp-AMPAR）的神经元抑制过程中形成，并需要表达的稳态可塑性。然而，在稳态调节过程中Cp-AMPAR生物合成的分子机制在很大程度上仍然未知。我们已经发现，miR 124，一种脑富集的microRNA（miRNA），通过靶向GluA 2 mRNA的3 '-UTR抑制GluA 2翻译，导致Cp-AMPAR的形成。重要的是，我们发现miR 124功能的抑制消除了失活诱导的稳态调节。因此，我们推测，失活通过表观遗传修饰上调miR 124的表达，导致GluA 2翻译抑制和Cp-AMPAR的形成，从而导致稳态突触可塑性的表达。在这项研究中，我们将研究miR 124表达调控的分子细节以及miR 124在GluA 2表达和Cp-AMPAR生物合成中的作用。此外，我们将研究miR 124表达的表观遗传控制的抑制性转录因子EVI及其辅因子，脱乙酰酶HDAC 1。更重要的是，我们将调查参与的miRNA和EVI转录复合体的表达的稳态可塑性在体外和体内。这些研究将为我们理解神经功能稳态和网络稳定性提供新的思路。Cp-AMPAR生物起源的阐明也将对临床研究产生影响，因为Cp-AMPAR与中风、ALS和药物成瘾等疾病有关。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neurons are able to restore their activity when challenged by external or internal perturbations. This type of homeostatic plasticity is important for the maintenance of neuronal or network stability during development and normal brain function. During homeostatic synaptic plasticity, chronic suppression of neuronal activity leads to a compensatory increase in synaptically distributed AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and the intensity of synaptic currents. AMPARs are heterotetrameric channels composed of GluA1-4 subunits. Compared to regular GluA2-containing AMPARs that permit only sodium, GluA2-lacking receptors are permeable to both sodium and calcium. GluA2-lacking, calcium-permeable AMPARs (Cp-AMPARs) are formed during neuronal inhibition and are required for the expression of homeostatic plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cp-AMPAR biogenesis during homeostatic regulation remain largely unknown. We have discovered that miR124, a brain-enriched microRNA (miRNA), suppresses GluA2 translation by targeting the 3'-UTR of GluA2 mRNA, leading to the formation of Cp-AMPARs. Importantly, we found that inhibition of miR124 function abolished inactivity-induced homeostatic regulation. Therefore, we hypothesize that inactivity up-regulates miR124 expression via epigenetic modification, resulting in GluA2 translational suppression and formation of Cp-AMPARs, thus leading to the expression of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. In this proposed study, we will investigate the molecular details in the regulation of miR124 expression and the role of miR124 in GluA2 expression and Cp-AMPAR biogenesis. Furthermore, we will investigate the epigenetic control of miR124 expression by the inhibitory transcription factor EVI and its co-factor, the deacetylase HDAC1. More importantly, we will investigate the involvement of miRNA and the EVI transcriptional complex in the expression of homeostatic plasticity in vitro and in vivo. These studies will shed new light on our understanding of neural functional homeostasis and network stability. Elucidation of Cp-AMPAR biogenesis will also have an impact on clinical studies, as Cp-AMPARs have been implicated in disorders such as stroke, ALS and drug addiction.