Role of prenatal environment in psychopathology risk in preschool aged children of Mexican descent

项目摘要 他目前是加州州立大学旧金山分校心理学系的助理教授。 马科斯。她的长期目标是保持独立的研究生涯，研究 社会文化因素、母亲情绪和儿童结局与围产期情绪失调有关。 这项拟议的研究的目的是检验产前接触母婴之间的关系。 与文化适应和母亲心理健康相关的压力源以及随后出现情绪的风险 用生理应激易损性、情绪反应性测量学龄前儿童的调节障碍 以及脆弱的美墨人口中的抑郁症状。产前因素已经是 用以前的地区赠款收集R15 MH099-498-01A1(母亲压力、抑郁和胎儿和婴儿 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺[HPA]轴活动)。这份提案将遵循相同的参与者，并包括2 3-5岁学龄前儿童的出生后评估。将检验三个假设：1)更大 产前暴露于母亲的文化压力和抑郁将与更大的增加相关 幼儿的负性情绪性和抑郁样症状；2)产前暴露于 母亲的文化压力和抑郁将与儿童下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)的增加有关 通过头发皮质醇和钝化的急性唾液皮质醇测量轴，这是一种非侵入性的慢性应激测量； 3)从婴儿期到学龄前儿童时期皮质醇水平的增加与更多的 消极情绪性和抑郁症状。以前获得的信息和产前信息 收集到的数据，我们还将确定胎儿皮质醇水平是否适中或调节母体之间的关系 变数和儿童情绪失调的风险/存在。这项拟议的研究将跟踪调查126名女性 墨西哥血统及其先前在怀孕期间招募的子女。这项研究具有直接的 对公共卫生的影响，因为墨西哥裔美国人是 美国和墨西哥裔美国儿童从子宫开始就暴露于高水平的压力源，这些地方 他们情绪失调的风险增加。社会文化变量可能在这种增加的风险中发挥作用， 特别是与文化适应有关的压力(文化适应压力、歧视)。但是，如果和 这种情况发生的机制尚不清楚。学生将直接参与到项目的各个层面 包括招募和留住参与者、收集唾液和头发、儿童气质和症状 皮质醇分析的评估、样本管理和性能。该项目将提供关键的 为学生提供翻译研究经验，重点是鼓励种族/少数民族 同学们，符合本地区的使命。这项研究直接讨论了环境和健康的作用 差距，在NIMH战略计划中有两个交叉，在精神健康障碍的风险方面 服务不足的弱势人群，并提供了可导致产前和学前教育的基础 针对墨西哥裔美国高危人群的社会文化因素的干预。

Project Summary The PI is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at California State University San Marcos. Her long-term goal is to sustain an independent research career examining mechanisms between socio-cultural factors, maternal affect and child outcomes related to mood dysregulation in the perinatal period. The aim of the proposed research is to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to maternal stressors related to cultural adaptation and maternal mental health and subsequent risk of presence of mood dysregulation in preschool aged children as measured by physiological stress vulnerability, emotional reactivity and depressive symptoms in the vulnerable US Mexican population. Prenatal factors have already been collected with a previous AREA grant R15 MH099-498-01A1 (maternal stress, depression and fetal and infant hypothalamic pituitary adrenal [HPA] axis activity). This proposal will follow the same participants and include 2 postnatal assessments of preschool children aged 3-5 years old. Three hypotheses will be tested: 1) greater prenatal exposure to maternal cultural stress and depression will be associated with greater increased negative emotionality and depressive-like symptoms in young children; 2) increased prenatal exposure to maternal cultural stress and depression will be related to increased child hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis as measured by hair cortisol, a non-invasive chronic stress measure, and blunted acute salivary cortisol; 3) cortisol levels that increase over childhood from infancy to preschool aged will be associated with greater negative emotionality and depressive symptoms. With information gained and prenatal information previously collected, we will also determine if fetal cortisol levels moderate or mediate the relationship between maternal variables and child risk/presence of mood dysregulation. The proposed research will follow 126 women of Mexican descent and their children previously recruited during pregnancy. This research has direct consequences for public health as the Mexican-American population is the most rapidly growing group in the US and Mexican-American children are exposed to high levels of stressors beginning in utero, which places them at increased risk for mood dysregulation. Socio-cultural variables may play a role in this increased risk, specifically stress related to cultural adaptation (acculturative stress, discrimination). However, if and the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Students will be directly involved at all levels of the project including recruitment and retention of participants, saliva and hair collection, child temperament and symptom assessment, sample management and performance of cortisol assays. The project will provide critical translational research experience for students, with an emphasis on encouraging racial/ethnic minority students, in line with the missions of AREA. This study directly addresses the role of environment and health disparities, two crossing cutting them in the NIMH strategic plan, in risk for mental health disorders in a vulnerable underserved population and provides a foundation that can lead to prenatal and preschool interventions directed toward socio-cultural factors in the high-risk Mexican-American population.