Female Labor Force Participation and Child Outcomes

项目摘要 妇女在地球仪的非家庭劳动力市场中所占份额越来越大。这一过渡 改变家庭动力-理论和经验证据都指向对健康的重要影响 和儿童的教育成果。虽然以前的研究已经探索了这种关系，但这些努力 一直未能成功地将妇女劳动力参与的影响与其他并发的影响分开， 社区和家庭一级发生的变化，如市场结构的变化和 其他家庭成员的就业机会或就业经历的变化。此外，本发明还 大多数现有的研究都是在富裕国家进行的，在这些国家，这种转变发生了几十年 前科本研究旨在探讨母亲的工作经验与子女的工作经验之间的关系， 在贫穷的自给农业环境中取得的成果，目前正在从几乎没有人参与过渡到 妇女在非家庭劳动力市场的参与程度提高 （正式部门）。这一背景提供了一个独特的机会，可以评估妇女参与社会发展的影响， 非家庭劳动力市场处于转型的早期阶段， 经济先进的设置。我们建议使用长期的，多层次的面板数据，从农村，贫困， 国际背景，涵盖了家庭动态的这一根本性转变的开始， 今天。我们建议使用的数据有多种儿童结果的衡量标准，具体来说， 受教育程度、身高和体重、主观健康、免疫状况和儿童 mortality.它还包含母亲的完整就业历史，包括多种类型的非家庭成员。 劳动力（即工资劳动，工资工作，家庭外业务）。重要的是，这些数据还提供了纵向 关于社区特征的数据，如附近的雇主和其他人的完整就业历史， 成年家庭成员。这项研究的结果将揭示有关这些过程的重要信息。 影响全世界儿童的福祉。

Project Summary Women comprise an increasingly larger share of the non-family labor market across the globe. This transition alters family dynamics—both theory and empirical evidence point toward important influences on the health and educational outcomes of children. Although previous research has explored this relationship, those efforts have been unsuccessful in separating the influence of women's labor-force participation from other concurrent changes happening at the community and household level, such as changing market structures and increasing employment opportunities or changing employment experiences of other household members. Additionally, most of the existing research has been conducted in wealthy countries where this transition occurred decades prior. This proposal aims to study the relationship between mother's employment experiences and child outcomes in a poor, subsistence agricultural setting currently transitioning from almost no participation of women in the non-family labor market to increasing participation of women in the non-family labor market (formal sector). This setting provides a unique opportunity to estimate the influence of women's participation in the non-family labor market in the very early stage of transition, an empirical opportunity not possible in economically advance settings. We propose to use long-term, multilevel panel data from a rural, poor international setting, covering the very beginning of this fundamental transition in household dynamics through the present day. The data we propose to use have multiple measures of child outcomes, specifically educational enrollment and attainment, height and weight, subjective health, immunization status, and child mortality. It also contains complete employment histories of mothers including multiple types of non-family labor (i.e. wage labor, salary jobs, out of home businesses). Importantly, these data also provide longitudinal data on community characteristics such as nearby employers and complete employment histories for other adult household members. The findings from this study will reveal important information about the processes influencing child well-being throughout the world.