Female Labor Force Participation and Child Outcomes

项目摘要 女性在全球非家庭劳动力市场中所占的份额越来越大。这一过渡 改变家庭动态--理论和经验证据都指向对健康的重要影响 和儿童的教育结果。尽管之前的研究已经探索了这种关系，但这些努力 未能成功地将女性劳动力参与的影响与其他同时发生的 在社区和家庭一级发生的变化，如改变市场结构和增加 其他家庭成员的就业机会或变化的就业经历。另外， 现有的大多数研究都是在富裕国家进行的，这些国家发生了几十年的这种转变 普赖斯。这项建议旨在研究母亲的就业经历与孩子之间的关系 在贫穷、自给自足的农业环境中取得的成果目前正从几乎没有参与 非家庭劳动力市场中的妇女对增加妇女参与非家庭劳动力市场的作用 (正规部门)。这一背景提供了一个独特的机会来评估妇女参与 非家庭劳动力市场处于转型的非常早期阶段，这是#年不可能的经验机会 经济上先进的设置。我们建议使用长期、多水平的面板数据，这些数据来自农村贫困人口 国际背景，涵盖了家庭动态这一根本性转变的一开始，通过 就在今天。我们建议使用的数据有多种衡量儿童结果的方法，特别是 受教育程度、身高和体重、主观健康、免疫状况和子女 死亡率。它还包括母亲的完整就业历史，包括多种类型的非家庭成员 劳动力(即带薪劳动、带薪工作、外出经商)。重要的是，这些数据还提供了纵向 关于社区特征的数据，如附近的雇主和其他人的完整就业历史 成年家庭成员。这项研究的发现将揭示有关这一过程的重要信息 影响着全世界儿童的福祉。

Project Summary Women comprise an increasingly larger share of the non-family labor market across the globe. This transition alters family dynamics—both theory and empirical evidence point toward important influences on the health and educational outcomes of children. Although previous research has explored this relationship, those efforts have been unsuccessful in separating the influence of women's labor-force participation from other concurrent changes happening at the community and household level, such as changing market structures and increasing employment opportunities or changing employment experiences of other household members. Additionally, most of the existing research has been conducted in wealthy countries where this transition occurred decades prior. This proposal aims to study the relationship between mother's employment experiences and child outcomes in a poor, subsistence agricultural setting currently transitioning from almost no participation of women in the non-family labor market to increasing participation of women in the non-family labor market (formal sector). This setting provides a unique opportunity to estimate the influence of women's participation in the non-family labor market in the very early stage of transition, an empirical opportunity not possible in economically advance settings. We propose to use long-term, multilevel panel data from a rural, poor international setting, covering the very beginning of this fundamental transition in household dynamics through the present day. The data we propose to use have multiple measures of child outcomes, specifically educational enrollment and attainment, height and weight, subjective health, immunization status, and child mortality. It also contains complete employment histories of mothers including multiple types of non-family labor (i.e. wage labor, salary jobs, out of home businesses). Importantly, these data also provide longitudinal data on community characteristics such as nearby employers and complete employment histories for other adult household members. The findings from this study will reveal important information about the processes influencing child well-being throughout the world.