Inhibitory Control in the Aging Bilingual Brain
Inhibitory Control in the Aging Bilingual Brain
批准号:
9470824
负责人:
Alena Stasenko
金额:
$3.24万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
关键词:
AddressAdoptedAffectAgeAgingAnteriorAreaBehavioralBrainBrain regionCognitiveCognitive agingComprehensionConflict (Psychology)CuesDataDementiaDetectionDiagnosisDissociationEarly identificationExerciseExhibitsFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingGoalsImageImpaired cognitionImpairmentIndividualLanguageLanguage TestsLeftMeasuresMinorityModalityMonitorNamesNeuropsychologyPatternPerformancePlayPrefrontal CortexProcessProductionPublic HealthReadingResearchResearch Project GrantsRoleSchoolsSpeechTestingTheoretical modelTrainingage effectage groupage relatedbehavior testbehavioral responsebilingualismcareercingulate cortexcognitive controlcognitive performancecognitive testingcostexecutive functionimaging studyimprovedlanguage comprehensionlanguage processingneural correlateperformance testspreventrelating to nervous systemtheoriestrendyoung adult
中文摘要
项目总结/文摘
英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Bilinguals constantly exercise language control, a form of cognitive control, by successfully managing
activation of two languages, switching between them at will, while avoiding switching by mistake. Both
language and cognitive control may decline in aging, and a growing body of evidence suggests that standard
approaches to neuropsychological assessment of bilinguals can result in inaccurate diagnoses. A prominent
theory suggests that bilinguals rely on inhibition to achieve efficient language control. Considerable data
support this claim in speech production and in young bilinguals, but limited research characterizes the role of
inhibition in bilingual language comprehension, and how inhibitory control mechanisms may change in aging
bilinguals. We hypothesize that bilinguals rely on inhibition broadly, in both modalities, and that domain general
inhibition, which declines in aging, underlies bilingual language control. Studies to date may have failed to
reveal inhibitory control mechanisms by use of relatively simple tasks, measures with limited sensitivity, and
paradigms that do not effectively elicit inhibitory control. Most research on bilingual language control has
focused on behavioral responses in young bilinguals producing out-of-context (e.g., single picture naming) or
limited context speech (e.g., single sentences). In Aim 1, we examine the neural correlates of bilingual
paragraph reading, to examine the possible role of inhibition in default language selection during
comprehension of short stories with language switches, a task that resembles naturalistic language
comprehension more than previously studied tasks. We hypothesize fMRI will reveal activation of brain regions
commonly associated with inhibition (DLPFC, ACC) in a condition that requires bilinguals to select the
nondominant language as default when processing occasional switches to the dominant language, and predict
changes in activation in young versus older bilinguals, whose brains will need to compensate for inefficiency of
inhibitory control mechanisms. In Aim 2, we examine possible overlap between language and cognitive control
by investigating the possibility of aging-related decline in a powerful behavioral signature of inhibitory control,
i.e., fully reversed language dominance effects, using a version of the cued picture-naming task that we
recently identified to consistently exhibit reversed dominance effects with repetition. We hypothesize this task
will reveal aging-related decline in ability to inhibit the dominant language. The proposed studies will examine
the intersection of bilingual language processing and aging to develop theoretical models of cognitive
processing in bilinguals, and to increase information about how bilingualism affects cognitive test performance,
which is necessary for early identification of cognitive impairment with the goal of delaying, slowing, or possibly
reversing cognitive decline in aging and dementia. Finally, this research project will enhance the applicant’s
graduate school training and will lead to a successful career as a neuropsychologist trained in imaging and
aging research, with a special focus on bilingualism which is often correlated with minority status in the USA.
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会议论文
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依托单位:
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项目类别:
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依托单位:
海外基金