Inhibitory Control in the Aging Bilingual Brain
衰老双语大脑的抑制控制
基本信息
- 批准号:9470824
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 3.24万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AddressAdoptedAffectAgeAgingAnteriorAreaBehavioralBrainBrain regionCognitiveCognitive agingComprehensionConflict (Psychology)CuesDataDementiaDetectionDiagnosisDissociationEarly identificationExerciseExhibitsFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingGoalsImageImpaired cognitionImpairmentIndividualLanguageLanguage TestsLeftMeasuresMinorityModalityMonitorNamesNeuropsychologyPatternPerformancePlayPrefrontal CortexProcessProductionPublic HealthReadingResearchResearch Project GrantsRoleSchoolsSpeechTestingTheoretical modelTrainingage effectage groupage relatedbehavior testbehavioral responsebilingualismcareercingulate cortexcognitive controlcognitive performancecognitive testingcostexecutive functionimaging studyimprovedlanguage comprehensionlanguage processingneural correlateperformance testspreventrelating to nervous systemtheoriestrendyoung adult
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Bilinguals constantly exercise language control, a form of cognitive control, by successfully managing
activation of two languages, switching between them at will, while avoiding switching by mistake. Both
language and cognitive control may decline in aging, and a growing body of evidence suggests that standard
approaches to neuropsychological assessment of bilinguals can result in inaccurate diagnoses. A prominent
theory suggests that bilinguals rely on inhibition to achieve efficient language control. Considerable data
support this claim in speech production and in young bilinguals, but limited research characterizes the role of
inhibition in bilingual language comprehension, and how inhibitory control mechanisms may change in aging
bilinguals. We hypothesize that bilinguals rely on inhibition broadly, in both modalities, and that domain general
inhibition, which declines in aging, underlies bilingual language control. Studies to date may have failed to
reveal inhibitory control mechanisms by use of relatively simple tasks, measures with limited sensitivity, and
paradigms that do not effectively elicit inhibitory control. Most research on bilingual language control has
focused on behavioral responses in young bilinguals producing out-of-context (e.g., single picture naming) or
limited context speech (e.g., single sentences). In Aim 1, we examine the neural correlates of bilingual
paragraph reading, to examine the possible role of inhibition in default language selection during
comprehension of short stories with language switches, a task that resembles naturalistic language
comprehension more than previously studied tasks. We hypothesize fMRI will reveal activation of brain regions
commonly associated with inhibition (DLPFC, ACC) in a condition that requires bilinguals to select the
nondominant language as default when processing occasional switches to the dominant language, and predict
changes in activation in young versus older bilinguals, whose brains will need to compensate for inefficiency of
inhibitory control mechanisms. In Aim 2, we examine possible overlap between language and cognitive control
by investigating the possibility of aging-related decline in a powerful behavioral signature of inhibitory control,
i.e., fully reversed language dominance effects, using a version of the cued picture-naming task that we
recently identified to consistently exhibit reversed dominance effects with repetition. We hypothesize this task
will reveal aging-related decline in ability to inhibit the dominant language. The proposed studies will examine
the intersection of bilingual language processing and aging to develop theoretical models of cognitive
processing in bilinguals, and to increase information about how bilingualism affects cognitive test performance,
which is necessary for early identification of cognitive impairment with the goal of delaying, slowing, or possibly
reversing cognitive decline in aging and dementia. Finally, this research project will enhance the applicant’s
graduate school training and will lead to a successful career as a neuropsychologist trained in imaging and
aging research, with a special focus on bilingualism which is often correlated with minority status in the USA.
项目摘要/摘要
双语者不断通过成功管理语言控制,一种认知控制的一种形式
激活两种语言,在随意之间切换,同时避免错误地切换。两个都
语言和认知控制的衰老可能会下降,越来越多的证据表明标准
对双语者的神经心理学评估的方法可能导致诊断不正确。一个突出的
理论表明,双语者依靠抑制来实现有效的语言控制。大量数据
在语音生产和年轻双语者中支持这一主张,但研究角色有限
双语语言理解的抑制作用,以及抑制性控制机制如何改变衰老
双语者。我们假设双语者在这两种方式上都广泛地依赖抑制作用,并且该领域一般
抑制作用是衰老下降的基础双语语言控制的基础。迄今为止的研究可能未能
通过使用相对简单的任务,灵敏度有限的措施来揭示抑制性控制机制,并且
无法有效地引起抑制控制的范例。关于双语语言控制的大多数研究
专注于产生非文本的年轻双语者的行为反应(例如,单图)或
有限的上下文语音(例如,单一句子)。在AIM 1中,我们检查了双语的神经相关性
段落阅读,以检查抑制在默认语言选择中的潜在作用
用语言开关理解短篇小说,这是一种与自然主义语言相似的任务
理解比以前研究的任务更多。我们假设fMRI将识别大脑区域的激活
通常与抑制(dlpfc,acc)相关的条件,需要双语才能选择
在处理Ocasional时,非主导语言为默认语言切换到主导语言,并预测
年轻双语者的激活变化,其大脑需要补偿效率低下的
在AIM 2中,我们检查了语言和认知控制之间的潜在重叠
通过研究与衰老相关的潜在抑制性控制的强大行为特征的潜力,
即,使用我们的形式,我们使用了我们的图形命名任务的版本,我们
最近被确定为随着重复的持续暴露逆转的统治效应。我们假设这项任务
将认识到与衰老有关的抑制主要语言的能力下降。拟议的研究将检查
双语语言处理和衰老的交集以开发认知的理论模型
在双语中处理,并增加有关双语如何影响认知测试表现的信息,
这对于早期识别认知障碍的目标是延迟,放缓或可能的目标
衰老和痴呆症的认知能力下降。最后,该研究项目将增强申请人的
研究生院培训,并将成为一名受过影像学培训的神经心理学家的成功职业
衰老研究,特别关注双语,这通常与美国的少数群体地位相关。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Alena Stasenko其他文献
Alena Stasenko的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Alena Stasenko', 18)}}的其他基金
Improving language assessment in bilinguals with epilepsy using advanced neuroimaging and culturally-sensitive neuropsychological measures
使用先进的神经影像学和文化敏感的神经心理学措施改善双语癫痫患者的语言评估
- 批准号:
10284796 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 3.24万 - 项目类别:
Improving language assessment in bilinguals with epilepsy using advanced neuroimaging and culturally-sensitive neuropsychological measures
使用先进的神经影像学和文化敏感的神经心理学措施改善双语癫痫患者的语言评估
- 批准号:
10652465 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 3.24万 - 项目类别:
Improving language assessment in bilinguals with epilepsy using advanced neuroimaging and culturally-sensitive neuropsychological measures
使用先进的神经影像学和文化敏感的神经心理学措施改善双语癫痫患者的语言评估
- 批准号:
10471825 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
$ 3.24万 - 项目类别:
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