Inhibitory Control in the Aging Bilingual Brain
Inhibitory Control in the Aging Bilingual Brain
批准号:
9470824
负责人:
Alena Stasenko
金额:
$3.24万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
关键词:
AddressAdoptedAffectAgeAgingAnteriorAreaBehavioralBrainBrain regionCognitiveCognitive agingComprehensionConflict (Psychology)CuesDataDementiaDetectionDiagnosisDissociationEarly identificationExerciseExhibitsFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingGoalsImageImpaired cognitionImpairmentIndividualLanguageLanguage TestsLeftMeasuresMinorityModalityMonitorNamesNeuropsychologyPatternPerformancePlayPrefrontal CortexProcessProductionPublic HealthReadingResearchResearch Project GrantsRoleSchoolsSpeechTestingTheoretical modelTrainingage effectage groupage relatedbehavior testbehavioral responsebilingualismcareercingulate cortexcognitive controlcognitive performancecognitive testingcostexecutive functionimaging studyimprovedlanguage comprehensionlanguage processingneural correlateperformance testspreventrelating to nervous systemtheoriestrendyoung adult
中文摘要
项目总结/摘要
双语者不断地练习语言控制,这是一种认知控制,
激活两种语言,在它们之间随意切换,同时避免错误切换。两
随着年龄的增长,语言和认知控制能力可能会下降,越来越多的证据表明,
对双语者进行神经心理学评估的方法可能导致不准确的诊断。一个突出
理论表明,双语者依靠抑制来实现有效的语言控制。可观的数据
支持这一说法在言语生产和年轻的双语者,但有限的研究特点的作用,
双语语言理解中的抑制,以及抑制控制机制如何在衰老中变化
双语者我们假设双语者在两种模式中都广泛地依赖抑制,
随着年龄的增长,抑制能力下降,这是双语语言控制的基础。迄今为止的研究可能未能
通过使用相对简单的任务,有限灵敏度的测量,揭示抑制控制机制,
不能有效地引发抑制控制的范例。大多数关于双语语言控制的研究
专注于年轻的双语者产生非语言环境的行为反应(例如,单个图片命名)或
有限上下文语音(例如,单句)。在目标1中,我们研究了双语者的神经相关性,
段落阅读,以探讨抑制在默认语言选择过程中的可能作用。
理解带有语言转换的短篇小说,这是一项类似于自然主义语言的任务
比以前学习的任务更容易理解。我们假设功能磁共振成像可以揭示大脑区域的激活
通常与抑制(DLPFC,ACC)有关,需要双语者选择
非主导语言作为默认时,处理偶尔切换到主导语言,并预测
年轻双语者与年长双语者的激活变化,他们的大脑需要补偿
抑制控制机制在目标2中,我们研究了语言和认知控制之间可能存在的重叠
通过研究与年龄相关的抑制控制的强大行为特征下降的可能性,
也就是说,完全逆转的语言优势效应,使用一个版本的线索图片命名任务,我们
最近发现,在重复的情况下,一直表现出反向显性效应。我们假设这个任务
将揭示与年龄相关的抑制主导语言能力的下降。拟议的研究将审查
双语语言处理和老化的交叉点,以发展认知的理论模型
处理双语,并增加有关双语如何影响认知测试表现的信息,
这对于早期识别认知障碍是必要的,目的是延迟,减缓或可能
逆转衰老和痴呆的认知能力下降。最后,本研究项目将提高申请人的
研究生院的培训,并将导致一个成功的职业生涯作为一个神经心理学家在成像和
老龄化研究,特别关注通常与美国少数民族地位相关的双语能力。
英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Bilinguals constantly exercise language control, a form of cognitive control, by successfully managing
activation of two languages, switching between them at will, while avoiding switching by mistake. Both
language and cognitive control may decline in aging, and a growing body of evidence suggests that standard
approaches to neuropsychological assessment of bilinguals can result in inaccurate diagnoses. A prominent
theory suggests that bilinguals rely on inhibition to achieve efficient language control. Considerable data
support this claim in speech production and in young bilinguals, but limited research characterizes the role of
inhibition in bilingual language comprehension, and how inhibitory control mechanisms may change in aging
bilinguals. We hypothesize that bilinguals rely on inhibition broadly, in both modalities, and that domain general
inhibition, which declines in aging, underlies bilingual language control. Studies to date may have failed to
reveal inhibitory control mechanisms by use of relatively simple tasks, measures with limited sensitivity, and
paradigms that do not effectively elicit inhibitory control. Most research on bilingual language control has
focused on behavioral responses in young bilinguals producing out-of-context (e.g., single picture naming) or
limited context speech (e.g., single sentences). In Aim 1, we examine the neural correlates of bilingual
paragraph reading, to examine the possible role of inhibition in default language selection during
comprehension of short stories with language switches, a task that resembles naturalistic language
comprehension more than previously studied tasks. We hypothesize fMRI will reveal activation of brain regions
commonly associated with inhibition (DLPFC, ACC) in a condition that requires bilinguals to select the
nondominant language as default when processing occasional switches to the dominant language, and predict
changes in activation in young versus older bilinguals, whose brains will need to compensate for inefficiency of
inhibitory control mechanisms. In Aim 2, we examine possible overlap between language and cognitive control
by investigating the possibility of aging-related decline in a powerful behavioral signature of inhibitory control,
i.e., fully reversed language dominance effects, using a version of the cued picture-naming task that we
recently identified to consistently exhibit reversed dominance effects with repetition. We hypothesize this task
will reveal aging-related decline in ability to inhibit the dominant language. The proposed studies will examine
the intersection of bilingual language processing and aging to develop theoretical models of cognitive
processing in bilinguals, and to increase information about how bilingualism affects cognitive test performance,
which is necessary for early identification of cognitive impairment with the goal of delaying, slowing, or possibly
reversing cognitive decline in aging and dementia. Finally, this research project will enhance the applicant’s
graduate school training and will lead to a successful career as a neuropsychologist trained in imaging and
aging research, with a special focus on bilingualism which is often correlated with minority status in the USA.
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