The Immunological Consequences of Mouse Cytomegalovirus on Adipose Tissue

摘要 长期以来，脂肪组织被认为只是脂质合成和能量储存的场所。但却 越来越清楚的是，脂肪组织的炎症状态对宿主免疫力具有深远的影响 和新陈代谢。最近的报告表明，病毒和寄生虫都能够直接 感染脂肪细胞和脂肪组织的细胞成分。此外，人类免疫缺陷 病毒（HIV）能够潜伏在脂肪中发现的T细胞内。巨细胞病毒（CMV），一种普遍存在的 β疱疹病毒，导致持续的终身感染，CMV研究的圣杯一直是 确定潜伏期的部位，但没有研究表明脂肪组织感染的程度， 潜伏和持久的病毒。CMV具有广泛的细胞和组织嗜性，并且易感细胞都是 在脂肪组织中表现出来。因此，有必要调查CMV的后果，如果有的话， 脂肪内感染。为了了解CMV感染对脂肪的影响，我们将 使用C57 BL/6小鼠CMV（mCMV）感染模型。本提案的目的是了解 脂肪组织内mCMV感染期间的功能后果和传播机制。整体 该建议的假设是mCMV传播到脂肪组织，复制，建立潜伏期， 导致终生的CD 8 T细胞应答。我们将解决的假设和实现的目标，这是 首先，通过qPCR确定在感染期间在脂肪组织内感染的细胞类型， 噬斑测定和流式细胞术。我们还将确定mCMV是否能够从 在脂肪组织中。其次，我们将确定mCMV特异性CD 8+细胞的动力学扩张和收缩。 T细胞。对免疫应答过程中脂肪组织的感染和作用的研究是一个新的， 不断增长的领域，因此这项工作，完成后，将代表我们的基本进步 关于mCMV细胞嗜性和持久性的知识基础。这项建议的结果将要求 在感染的背景下考虑脂肪组织，这对疫苗学具有深远的影响， 免疫学、病毒学和内分泌学。

Abstract Adipose tissue has long been thought to simply be a site of lipid synthesis and energy storage. However, it has become increasingly clear that the inflammatory state of adipose tissue has profound effects on host immunity and metabolism. Recent reports have demonstrated that both viruses and parasites are capable of directly infecting the adipocytes and cellular constituents of adipose tissue. Furthermore, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is capable of becoming latent within T cells found in adipose. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous betaherpesvirus, results in a persistent lifelong infection and the holy grail of CMV research has been to identify sites of latency, but no study has demonstrated the extent to which adipose tissue is infected or harbors latent and persistent virus. CMV has a broad cellular and tissue tropism, and susceptible cells are all represented within the adipose tissue. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the consequences, if any, of CMV infection within adipose. In order to understand the consequence(s) of CMV infection on adipose we will employ the C57BL/6 mouse CMV (mCMV) model of infection. The goal of this proposal is to understand the functional consequences and mechanism of spread during mCMV infection within adipose tissue. The overall hypothesis of this proposal is that mCMV disseminates to adipose tissue, replicates, establishes latency, leading to an lifelong CD8 T cell response. We will address the hypothesis and achieve the goals of this proposal by first, determining the cell type(s) that are infected within adipose tissue during infection by qPCR, plaque assay, and flow cytometry. We will also determine if mCMV is capable of becoming reactivated from within adipose tissue. Second, we will determine the kinetic expansion and contraction of mCMV specific CD8 T cells. Investigation into infection of and the role of adipose tissue during an immune response is a new and growing field, thus this work, when completed, will represent a significant advancement in our fundamental base of knowledge regarding mCMV cell tropism and persistence. The findings of this proposal will call for the consideration of adipose tissue in the context of infection, which has far reaching impact on vaccinology, immunology, virology, and endocrinology.