Dexterous BMIs for tetraplegic humans utilizing somatosensory cortex stimulation

项目概要/摘要 伸手抓握和手部操作将在四肢瘫痪的人类中进行研究， 多电极阵列（MEA）和皮层内微刺激（ICMS）的躯体感觉皮层。录音 将在皮质抓握回路内进行，MEA植入两个抓握相关区域，腹侧 运动前皮质（PMv）和后顶叶皮质（PPC）的前顶叶内区（AIP）。ICMS将 被递送到躯体感觉皮层的布罗德曼1区（BA 1）。目标1将比较来自PMv的记录 和AIP来确定这两个区域是如何处理抓握的。我们将检验AIP是 更关注高层次的目标，PMv更关注运动轨迹。这些结果将是重要的 为未来的神经修复术发展选择植入区域。目标2将检查触觉 ICMS可以提供的线索。我们假设，检测，歧视，和刺激的位置将 通过改变ICMS的频率、振幅和位置的参数来感知。这些发现将是 用于为脑机接口（BMI）应用提供刺激诱导的触觉反馈。在aim 3中 我们将使用三个任务，将联合收割机解码来自AIP和PMv的神经信号与ICMS结合起来， 双向BMI的反馈。这些任务将用于测试BMI表现（1）的频率和 无视觉反馈的ICMS振幅辨别（“手提袋任务”），（2）基于学习的 本体感觉，和（3）一个manipulhuitask，实现力反馈调整把握。我们 假设患者将成功完成这些任务，表明双向BMI是 可行的，并且可以传递触觉和本体感受信息以用于抓握和手部操作。我们有 已经开发出了伪影抑制技术，并在非人类灵长类动物中展示了它们的应用 (NHP)双向BMI任务。我们也有这些研究的所有监管批准， 成功地将BMI应用于使用PPC记录的四肢瘫痪患者。因此，前景良好， 三年内圆满完成这些目标。这些目标的结果将促进科学和 理解人类大脑皮层的抓握处理，以及开发和实施双向 帮助运动障碍患者的BMI。

Project summary/abstract Reach-to-grasp and hand manipulation will be studied in tetraplegic humans with neural recordings from multielectrode arrays (MEAs) and intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of somatosensory cortex. Recordings will be performed within the cortical grasp circuit with MEAs implanted in two grasp-related areas, the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP) of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). ICMS will be delivered to Brodmann's area 1 (BA1) of somatosensory cortex. Aim 1 will compare recordings from PMv and AIP to determine how grasping is processed by these two areas. We will test the hypothesis that AIP is more concerned with high-level goals and PMv more with motor trajectories. These results will be important for selecting areas for implantation for future neurosprosthetics development. Aim 2 will examine the tactile cues that can be provided by ICMS. We hypothesize that detection, discrimination, and location of stimuli will be perceived by varying parameters of frequency, amplitude and location of the ICMS. These findings will be used for providing stimulation induced tactile feedback for brain-machine interface (BMI) applications. In aim 3 we will use three tasks that combine decoding neural signals from AIP and PMv with ICMS for somesthetic feedback for a bidirectional BMI. The tasks will be used to test BMI performance (1) for frequency and amplitude discrimination of ICMS without visual feedback (“handbag task”), (2) for learning-based proprioception, and (3) a manipulandum task that implements force feedback for adjusting grasp. We hypothesize that the patients will successfully perform these tasks, indicating that bidirectional BMIs are feasible and can deliver tactile and proprioceptive information for grasp and hand manipulation. We have already developed artifact rejection techniques and demonstrated their application in a non-human primate (NHP) bidirectional BMI task. We also have all of the regulatory approvals for these studies and already have had success with BMI applications in tetraplegic patients using PPC recordings. Thus the outlook is good for successful completion of these aims within 3 years. The results of these aims will advance both the scientific understanding of grasp processing in human cortex and the development and implementation of bidirectional BMIs to assist patients with movement disorders.