Dexterous BMIs for tetraplegic humans utilizing somatosensory cortex stimulation

项目摘要/摘要 将在四肢瘫痪的人类身上研究伸手抓住和手操作，神经记录来自于 体感皮层的多电极阵列(MEAs)和皮质内微刺激(ICMS)。录音 将在皮质抓握环路内进行，并在两个抓握相关区域植入MEA，腹侧 运动前皮质(PMV)和后顶叶皮质的前顶内区(AIP)。ICM将 被传递到躯体感觉皮质的Brodmann区1(BA1)。目标1将比较来自PMV的录音 和AIP来确定这两个区域如何处理抓取。我们将检验AIP是 更关注高水平的目标，PMV更关注运动轨迹。这些结果将是重要的 用于为未来的神经假体开发选择植入区域。目标2将检查触觉 ICMS可以提供的提示。我们假设对刺激的检测、辨别和定位 通过改变ICMS的频率、幅度和位置参数来感知。这些发现将是 用于为脑机接口(BMI)应用提供刺激诱导的触觉反馈。在AIM 3中 我们将使用三项任务，将解码来自AIP和PMV的神经信号与ICMS结合用于躯体感觉 双向BMI的反馈。这些任务将用于测试BMI性能(1)的频率和 无视觉反馈的ICMS的幅度辨别(手袋任务)，(2)基于学习的 本体感觉，以及(3)实施力反馈以调整抓取的机械手任务。我们 假设患者将成功完成这些任务，表明双向BMI 可行的，可以传递触觉和本体感觉的信息，用于抓取和手操作。我们有 已经开发了人工排斥技术，并演示了它们在非人灵长类动物中的应用 (NHP)双向BMI任务。我们还获得了这些研究的所有监管批准，并已经 在使用PPC记录的四肢瘫痪患者中成功地应用了BMI。因此，前景对 在3年内成功完成这些目标。这些目标的结果将推动科学 大脑皮层GRAP加工的理解和双向加工的发展与实现 BMI用于帮助有运动障碍的患者。

Project summary/abstract Reach-to-grasp and hand manipulation will be studied in tetraplegic humans with neural recordings from multielectrode arrays (MEAs) and intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of somatosensory cortex. Recordings will be performed within the cortical grasp circuit with MEAs implanted in two grasp-related areas, the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the anterior intraparietal area (AIP) of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). ICMS will be delivered to Brodmann's area 1 (BA1) of somatosensory cortex. Aim 1 will compare recordings from PMv and AIP to determine how grasping is processed by these two areas. We will test the hypothesis that AIP is more concerned with high-level goals and PMv more with motor trajectories. These results will be important for selecting areas for implantation for future neurosprosthetics development. Aim 2 will examine the tactile cues that can be provided by ICMS. We hypothesize that detection, discrimination, and location of stimuli will be perceived by varying parameters of frequency, amplitude and location of the ICMS. These findings will be used for providing stimulation induced tactile feedback for brain-machine interface (BMI) applications. In aim 3 we will use three tasks that combine decoding neural signals from AIP and PMv with ICMS for somesthetic feedback for a bidirectional BMI. The tasks will be used to test BMI performance (1) for frequency and amplitude discrimination of ICMS without visual feedback (“handbag task”), (2) for learning-based proprioception, and (3) a manipulandum task that implements force feedback for adjusting grasp. We hypothesize that the patients will successfully perform these tasks, indicating that bidirectional BMIs are feasible and can deliver tactile and proprioceptive information for grasp and hand manipulation. We have already developed artifact rejection techniques and demonstrated their application in a non-human primate (NHP) bidirectional BMI task. We also have all of the regulatory approvals for these studies and already have had success with BMI applications in tetraplegic patients using PPC recordings. Thus the outlook is good for successful completion of these aims within 3 years. The results of these aims will advance both the scientific understanding of grasp processing in human cortex and the development and implementation of bidirectional BMIs to assist patients with movement disorders.