Single-molecule resolution of RNA editing of mRNAs: visualizing GRIA2 editing in situ in ALS
Single-molecule resolution of RNA editing of mRNAs: visualizing GRIA2 editing in situ in ALS
批准号:
9257795
负责人:
Ian Alexander Mellis
金额:
$4.4万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-06-01 至 2020-05-31
关键词:
AdenosineAffectAllelesAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAnimalsAreaBiologicalBiologyBrainCRISPR/Cas technologyCalciumCell LineCell LineageCell NucleusCellsCerealsChemicalsCodeCollectionComplementCultured CellsCytosineDRADA2b proteinDataDeaminaseDeaminationDefectDiseaseEnzymesEpilepsyEventFamilyFluorescent in Situ HybridizationFunctional disorderFutureGenetic TranscriptionGlutamate ReceptorGlutamatesGuanosineHigher Order Chromatin StructureHumanHybridsIn SituIndividualInosineIntronsKnock-outKnockout MiceLaboratoriesLeadLesionMeasuresMediatingMessenger RNAMethodsModificationMolecularMotivationMotor NeuronsNerve DegenerationNeurologic DysfunctionsNuclearNucleotidesOpen Reading FramesPathogenesisPatientsPatternPhenotypePopulationPrevalenceProcessProteinsProtocols documentationRNARNA EditingRattusRegulationRegulator GenesResolutionReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRibosomal RNASamplingSiteSmall Interfering RNASpinal CordStructureSurveysTechniquesThymidineTissue EngineeringTissue SampleTissuesToxic effectTranscriptTransfer RNAUntranslated RNAVariantWorkadenosine deaminaseanalogbasecell typedesigninsightknock-downmouse modelneuron lossnovelrelating to nervous systemsingle moleculetissue processingtooltraffickingtranscriptometranscriptome sequencingtrend
中文摘要
项目总结
英文摘要
Project Summary
Much of the basic biology of mRNA editing remains unknown despite decades of study, largely due to
the limitations of existing experimental methods. Adenosine to Inosine (A to I) editinga result of adenosine
deamination catalyzed by deaminases such as ADAR enzymesis one of the most common forms of
posttranscriptional chemical modification of RNA, generally known as RNA editing. A to I editing is essential
for not only noncoding RNA function, such as rRNA and tRNA higherorder structure stabilization, but also for
posttranscriptional mRNA regulation. For example, GRIA2, which encodes the GluR2 subunit of the AMPA
glutamate receptor, has a highly conserved ADAR2targeted editing site in its coding sequence. Perturbation of
the orthologous rat Gria2 editing event leads to neurological dysfunction. In humans with Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS), many diseaseaffected motor neurons appear to die as a result of glutamatergic calcium
toxicity and have deficient GRIA2 editing, and Adar2 knockout mice demonstrate an ALSlike phenotype, which
is rescued upon exogenous expression of edited Gria2. GRIA2 and several other mRNA A to I editing targets
have been studied for more than twenty years, and over the last four years transcriptomewide surveys of A to
I editing have provided evidence for many more mRNA targets. Despite this motivation, much basic information
about the biology of this important mRNA regulatory process, including its subcellular localization, timing
relative to transcription, and association with other regulatory factors, remains unknown largely due to the limits
of experimental techniques.
Recently, our laboratory described a fluorescence in situ hybridization method for visualizing and
quantifying singlenucleotide variants (SNVs) in single cells using a novel probe hybridization strategy known
as SNV FISH. We are leveraging inosine's structure as a guanosine analog to adapt SNV FISH to the analysis
of A to I editing in a protocol we refer to as inosine FISH (iFISH). Our preliminary data show that we can use
iFISH to specifically identify edited and unedited GRIA2 transcripts in situ in cultured cells. In this project, we
are quantifying subsinglecellular trends in A to I editing of known targets, such as GRIA2 and mRNA targets
newly identified in transcriptomewide screens. Specifically, we are using iFISH to measure singlecell editing
rate distributions, to visualize subcellular localization patterns of edited mRNAs, and to measure editing timing
relative to transcription. We are also studying the effect of ADAR2 on subcellular GRIA2 trafficking. Lastly, we
are applying our novel method toward better characterizing perturbations of GRIA2 editing in individual motor
neurons in ALS lesions by extending the use of iFISH to fixed sections of postmortem brain and spinal cord
tissue samples from healthy and diseased donors.
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Single-molecule resolution of RNA editing of mRNAs: visualizing GRIA2 editing in situ in ALS
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批准号:9488359
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$3.15万
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财政年份:2017
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负责人:Ian Alexander Mellis
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依托单位:
海外基金