Single-molecule resolution of RNA editing of mRNAs: visualizing GRIA2 editing in situ in ALS
Single-molecule resolution of RNA editing of mRNAs: visualizing GRIA2 editing in situ in ALS
批准号:
9488359
负责人:
Ian Alexander Mellis
金额:
$3.15万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-06-01 至 2020-05-31
关键词:
AdenosineAffectAllelesAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisAnimalsAreaBiologicalBiologyBrainCRISPR/Cas technologyCalciumCell LineCell LineageCell NucleusCellsChemicalsCodeCollectionComplementCultured CellsCytosineDRADA2b proteinDataDeaminaseDeaminationDefectDiseaseEnzymesEpilepsyEventFamilyFluorescent in Situ HybridizationFunctional disorderFutureGenetic TranscriptionGlutamate ReceptorGlutamatesGrainGuanosineHigher Order Chromatin StructureHumanIn SituIndividualInosineIntronsKnock-outKnockout MiceLaboratoriesLeadLesionMeasuresMediatingMessenger RNAMethodsModificationMolecularMotivationMotor NeuronsNerve DegenerationNeurologic DysfunctionsNuclearNucleotidesOpen Reading FramesPathogenesisPatientsPatternPhenotypePopulationPrevalenceProcessProteinsProtocols documentationRNARNA EditingRattusRegulationRegulator GenesResolutionReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRibosomal RNASamplingSiteSmall Interfering RNASpinal CordStructureSurveysTechniquesThymidineTissue EngineeringTissue SampleTissuesToxic effectTranscriptTransfer RNAUntranslated RNAVariantWorkadenosine deaminaseanalogbasecell typedesigninsightknock-downmouse modelneuron lossnovelrelating to nervous systemsingle moleculesingle-cell RNA sequencingtissue processingtooltraffickingtranscriptometranscriptome sequencingtrend
中文摘要
项目摘要
尽管经过数十年的研究,mRNA编辑的大部分基本生物学仍然未知,这主要是由于
现有实验方法的局限性。腺苷到肌苷(A到I)编辑的重复性是腺苷的结果
由诸如阿达尔酶的脱氨酶催化的脱氨是最常见的脱氨形式之一。
RNA的转录后化学修饰,通常称为RNA编辑。A to I编辑至关重要
不仅用于非编码RNA的功能,如rRNA和tRNA的高级结构稳定,而且用于
转录后mRNA调控。例如,GRIA2,其编码AMPA的GluR2亚基
谷氨酸受体,在其编码序列中具有高度保守的ADAR2 β靶向编辑位点。摄动
大鼠Gria2编辑事件导致神经功能障碍。在患有肌萎缩侧索硬化症的人中
硬化症(ALS),许多疾病的影响运动神经元似乎死亡的结果,钙
Adar2基因敲除小鼠表现出ALS样表型,
在编辑的Gria2的外源表达后被拯救。GRIA2和其他几种mRNA A至I编辑靶标
已经研究了二十多年,在过去的四年里,A到B的转录组范围的调查已经完成。
I编辑为更多的mRNA靶点提供了证据。尽管有这种动机,许多基本信息
关于这个重要的mRNA调控过程的生物学,包括它的亚细胞定位,时间
相对于转录,以及与其他调节因子的关联,仍然未知,主要是由于限制
实验技术。
最近,我们的实验室描述了一种荧光原位杂交方法,
使用已知的新的探针杂交策略定量单细胞中的单核苷酸变体(SNV
SNV鱼我们正在利用肌苷的结构作为鸟苷类似物,以适应SNV FISH的分析
在我们称之为肌苷FISH(iFISH)的方案中进行A至I编辑。我们的初步数据显示,
iFISH在培养细胞中原位特异性鉴定编辑和未编辑的GRIA2转录物。本课题
在已知靶点如GRIA2和mRNA靶点的A至I编辑中,
在转录组全基因组筛选中新发现的。具体来说,我们正在使用iFISH来测量单个细胞编辑
速率分布,以可视化编辑的mRNA的亚细胞定位模式,并测量编辑时间
相对于转录。我们还在研究ADAR 2对亚细胞GRIA2贩运的影响。最后我们
正在将我们的新方法用于更好地表征个体运动中GRIA2编辑的扰动
通过将iFISH的使用扩展到死后脑和脊髓的固定切片,
来自健康和患病供体的组织样本。
英文摘要
Project Summary
Much of the basic biology of mRNA editing remains unknown despite decades of study, largely due to
the limitations of existing experimental methods. Adenosine to Inosine (A to I) editinga result of adenosine
deamination catalyzed by deaminases such as ADAR enzymesis one of the most common forms of
posttranscriptional chemical modification of RNA, generally known as RNA editing. A to I editing is essential
for not only noncoding RNA function, such as rRNA and tRNA higherorder structure stabilization, but also for
posttranscriptional mRNA regulation. For example, GRIA2, which encodes the GluR2 subunit of the AMPA
glutamate receptor, has a highly conserved ADAR2targeted editing site in its coding sequence. Perturbation of
the orthologous rat Gria2 editing event leads to neurological dysfunction. In humans with Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS), many diseaseaffected motor neurons appear to die as a result of glutamatergic calcium
toxicity and have deficient GRIA2 editing, and Adar2 knockout mice demonstrate an ALSlike phenotype, which
is rescued upon exogenous expression of edited Gria2. GRIA2 and several other mRNA A to I editing targets
have been studied for more than twenty years, and over the last four years transcriptomewide surveys of A to
I editing have provided evidence for many more mRNA targets. Despite this motivation, much basic information
about the biology of this important mRNA regulatory process, including its subcellular localization, timing
relative to transcription, and association with other regulatory factors, remains unknown largely due to the limits
of experimental techniques.
Recently, our laboratory described a fluorescence in situ hybridization method for visualizing and
quantifying singlenucleotide variants (SNVs) in single cells using a novel probe hybridization strategy known
as SNV FISH. We are leveraging inosine's structure as a guanosine analog to adapt SNV FISH to the analysis
of A to I editing in a protocol we refer to as inosine FISH (iFISH). Our preliminary data show that we can use
iFISH to specifically identify edited and unedited GRIA2 transcripts in situ in cultured cells. In this project, we
are quantifying subsinglecellular trends in A to I editing of known targets, such as GRIA2 and mRNA targets
newly identified in transcriptomewide screens. Specifically, we are using iFISH to measure singlecell editing
rate distributions, to visualize subcellular localization patterns of edited mRNAs, and to measure editing timing
relative to transcription. We are also studying the effect of ADAR2 on subcellular GRIA2 trafficking. Lastly, we
are applying our novel method toward better characterizing perturbations of GRIA2 editing in individual motor
neurons in ALS lesions by extending the use of iFISH to fixed sections of postmortem brain and spinal cord
tissue samples from healthy and diseased donors.
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会议论文
Single-molecule resolution of RNA editing of mRNAs: visualizing GRIA2 editing in situ in ALS
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批准号:9257795
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$4.4万
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财政年份:2017
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负责人:Ian Alexander Mellis
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依托单位:
海外基金