Genetic and Environmental Influences on Addiction

摘要： 了解遗传和环境因素如何影响药物使用和滥用， 成瘾预防和诊断，以及开发新的有效成瘾治疗方法。 此应用程序计划在威尔提供3个博士前培训名额（约2年，从第二年开始） 康奈尔大学研究生院（WCGS）神经科学和药理学课程旨在了解 基因和环境对药物成瘾的影响。该培训计划的一个独特之处在于 教师在遗传（如性别，单核苷酸多态性，基因剪接变体， 树突/轴突翻译和表观遗传学）和环境（母体环境，发育 阶段和压力）的因素是必不可少的成瘾性疾病的出现。我们的教师也 值得注意的是他们为成瘾科学带来的方法的广度;我们有研究成瘾科学的专业知识。 几种主要的滥用药物（即阿片类药物，可卡因和其他精神兴奋剂）如何影响神经元 功能从单个分子的表达和行为到复杂功能的表现 调节啮齿动物和人类行为的系统。除了我们优秀的教师，这种培训 赠款将利用WCGS优秀的研究环境，教育资源， 招聘活动，特别是我们吸引和培训代表性不足的少数民族的历史， 临床科学家。培训补助金的特殊优势包括：1）主任的经验， 指导、教学和药物滥用研究的联合主任; 2）多学科的广泛范围 由教师提供的研究培训; 3）教师之间的广泛合作和共同指导; （4）强调“从实验室到临床”的转化研究。培训补助金教师将 分为三组：1）主要赞助商：研究生论文导师与NIDA使命支持 2）培训赞助者：在药物滥用研究方面具有丰富经验的个人， 将与主要赞助商和他们的学员密切合作;和3）小赞助商：个人与NIDA- 使命利益谁将与主要赞助商和他们的学员合作。资源核心包括 将设立三个组别的培训资助教师，为学生提供一个平台， 将来自多个实验室的方法融入他们的博士论文工作。在实验室之外，一个新的 由一群研究生与下列机构协商编写的题为“成瘾与社会”的课程： 教师，以及药物滥用为重点的务虚会和WCGS开发的赠款准备方案，将 为学生提供重要的培训经验，教学，培训和网络，将 对他们的职业发展至关重要。这些课程与现有的课程和课程， 研讨会和讲座，以及每个学生的个人培训计划，将提供坚实的基础， 发展药物滥用研究方面的独立基础和临床科学家。

Abstract: Understanding how genetic and environmental factors impact drug use and abuse may be critical for addiction prevention and diagnosis, as well as the development of novel effective addiction therapeutics. This application plans to provide 3 predoctoral training slots (for ~2 yrs, starting in the 2nd yr) in the Weill Cornell Graduate School (WCGS) Neuroscience and Pharmacology Programs aimed at understanding the impact of genes and environment on drug addiction. A unique feature of this training plan is the diversity of faculty expertise in both genetic (e.g. sex, single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene splice variants, dendritic/axonal translation, and epigenetics) and environmental (maternal environment, developmental stage, and stress) factors that are essential for the emergence of addictive disease. Our faculty is also noteworthy for the breadth of the approaches they bring to addiction science; we have expertise in studying how several major abused drugs (i.e. opiates, cocaine, and other psychostimulants) impact neuronal function from the expression and behavior of single molecules to the performance of complex functional systems that regulate the behavior of rodents and humans. In addition to our talented faculty, this training grant will take advantage of the WCGS outstanding research environment, educational resources, and recruiting activities, particularly our history of attracting and training under-represented minorities as basic and clinical scientists. Particular strengths of the training grant include: 1) the experience of the Director and Co-Director in mentoring, teaching and drug abuse research; 2) the broad scope of multidisciplinary research training provided by the faculty; 3) extensive collaborations and co-mentoring between the faculty; and 4) the strong emphasis on “bench-to- bedside” translational research. Training grant faculty will be divided into three groups: 1) Major Sponsors: graduate student thesis mentors with NIDA mission supported research programs; 2) Training Sponsors: individuals with extensive experience in drug abuse research who will work closely with Major Sponsors and their trainees; and 3) Minor Sponsors: individuals with NIDA- mission interests who will collaborate with Major Sponsors and their trainees. Resource Cores comprised of training grant faculty from all three groups will be established to provide a platform for students to incorporate approaches from multiple laboratories into their PhD thesis work. Beyond the laboratory, a new course entitled “Addiction and Society” developed by a group of graduate students in consultation with faculty, as well as a Drug Abuse focused retreat and WCGS developed programs in grant-preparation, will provide students with important training experiences in teaching, grantsmanship, and networking that will be essential for their career development. These courses together with the existing coursework and curricula, symposia and lectures, as well as each students individual training plan, will provide a solid foundation for the development of independent basic and clinical scientists in drug abuse research.