How Father & Grandparent Household Transitions Impact Child Growth and Cognition

父亲如何

• 批准号: 9313522
• 负责人: Sarah Anne Reynolds
• 金额: $ 12.39万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-20 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9313522
• 关键词: 8 year old; Address; Adult; Affect; Applications Grants; Child; Child Development; Child Support; Child Welfare; Childhood; Chile; Chilean; Cognition; Cognitive; Collaborations; Colombia; Country; Data; Decision Making; Educational Curriculum; Evaluation; Family; Family member; Fathers; Generations; Grant; Growth; Home environment; Household; Household and Family; Influentials; Knowledge; Latin America; Latin American; Latino; Link; Literature; Location; Longitudinal Surveys; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Mentors; Mentorship; Mexico; Mothers; Nicaragua; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Peru; Phonation; Play; Prospective Studies; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Support; Resource Allocation; Resources; Role; Science; Social support; Source; Structure; Surveys; Telephone; Testing; Training; Writing; base; career; design; early childhood; experience; family influence; family structure; grandparent; instrument; negative affect; novel; programs; skills; statistics; theories; tool

PROJECT SUMMARY How Father & Grandparent Household Transitions Impact Child Growth and Cognition Adult family members influence child development through a variety of mechanisms such as providing resources for children, interacting with them, and influencing family decision-making. Though much research has found negative effects of father absence on child development, the relative importance of the mechanisms has not been determined. Furthermore, grandparents can play a large role in their grandchildren’s lives and changes in family structure involving grandparents could similarly impact child development. I will be trained and mentored so I am able to engage in independent research that seeks to understand the impacts of fathers and grandparents on child development, even when these family members are non-coresident with the children, and to identify mechanisms that drive the results. Latin America is an ideal location for studying these associations because longitudinal data indicate young children experience a significant degree of transitions in household structure, including grandparent transitions: three-generational households are a cultural norm. Using longitudinal survey data from five Latin American countries, I will document household transitions experienced during childhood and test how these are associated with child development outcomes. I will also identify mediating factors between household transitions and child development outcomes. Since the surveys will not have variables for all hypothesized mediators (such as the details of non-coresident family members’ interactions with the child) I will adapt and validate survey questions from other sources for mothers, fathers, and maternal grandmothers about those potential pathways. In 2019, Chile’s nationally representative Longitudinal Survey of Early Childhood will include these instruments. Questions for the mothers will be asked of all mothers, while a smaller phone survey will question fathers and grandmothers (both inside and outside the household). Using this new data, I will assess additional mediation pathways as to how household transitions influence child development. By extending the literature on household structure to transitions involving grandparents and by providing novel data on non-coresident family members, my research will measure the associations between household transitions and child development and provide evidence supporting which pathways are pertinent. To strengthen my research, I will be mentored and trained in the science and theory of child development. Additional mentorship and training in measurement and instrument design will provide me with essential tools for project evaluation. These new skills, combined with the research results highlighting potential mechanisms linking household transitions and child development, will prepare me to write an R01 grant that adapts and evaluates a program to help children through household transitions of fathers and grandparents in the Chilean context.

项目摘要 父亲和祖父母家庭的转变如何影响儿童的成长和认知 成年家庭成员通过各种机制影响儿童的发展，例如提供 儿童资源，与他们互动，并影响家庭决策。虽然很多研究 发现父亲缺席对儿童发展的负面影响， 机制尚未确定。此外，祖父母可以在他们的生活中发挥重要作用。 孙辈的生活和涉及祖父母的家庭结构的变化也会同样影响儿童的生活。 发展我将接受培训和指导，以便我能够从事独立的研究， 了解父亲和祖父母对儿童发展的影响，即使这些家庭成员 不与儿童共存，并确定推动成果的机制。 拉丁美洲是研究这些关联的理想地点，因为纵向数据表明， 幼儿在家庭结构中经历了很大程度的转变，包括祖父母 过渡：三代同堂是一种文化规范。利用五个拉丁美洲国家的纵向调查数据， 在美国国家，我将记录童年时期经历的家庭转变，并测试这些转变是如何发生的 与儿童发展成果有关。我还将确定家庭之间的中介因素 过渡和儿童发展成果。由于调查不会有所有假设的变量， 调解人（如非共同居住的家庭成员与孩子互动的细节），我会适应， 验证调查问题从其他来源的母亲，父亲，和外祖母关于这些 潜在的路径。2019年，智利具有全国代表性的幼儿纵向调查将 包括这些文书。所有的母亲都会被问到这些问题，而一个更小的电话 调查将询问父亲和祖母（家庭内外）。利用这些新数据，我 将评估家庭转型如何影响儿童发展的其他调解途径。通过 将有关家庭结构的文献扩展到涉及祖父母的过渡时期， 非同居家庭成员的数据，我的研究将衡量家庭之间的关联， 过渡和儿童发展，并提供证据支持哪些途径是相关的。 为了加强我的研究，我将接受儿童科学和理论方面的指导和培训。 发展在测量和仪器设计方面的额外指导和培训将为我提供 项目评估的基本工具。这些新技能，结合突出的研究成果 联系家庭转型和儿童发展的潜在机制，将使我准备写一个R01 调整和评估一项计划的赠款，以帮助儿童度过父亲的家庭过渡时期， 智利的祖父母。