Determining Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (DIVE)

 描述（由申请方提供）：流感仍然是全球发病率和死亡率的重要原因。仅在美国，季节性（大流行间）流感每年就造成20多万人住院和23，000多人死亡。减轻流感流行影响的主要策略是接种疫苗。目前，免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议所有6个月或以上的人每年接种流感疫苗。然而，其中一些建议受到质疑，并且缺乏基于实验室确认的流感疾病的疫苗有效性估计进一步加剧了这一争议。此外，由于流感病毒和疫苗每年都会发生变化，并且由于这些疫苗的推荐现在覆盖了大部分美国人口，因此需要对疫苗有效性进行年度评估，以评估流感疫苗接种是否达到预期效果。范德比尔特的研究人员已经为NIH和CDC对实验室确认的流感进行了前瞻性的基于人群的监测。我们建议在田纳西州戴维森县进行前瞻性监测，具体目标如下：1）对因实验室确诊流感住院的成人进行基于人群的主动监测，以确定流感相关住院的年龄特异性比率;和2）使用病例对照研究设计，每年确定流感疫苗的有效性，在因流感而住院的流感阳性成人和流感阴性住院对照中。范德比尔特研究者在对实验室确认的流感感染进行积极的前瞻性基于人群的医院监测和评估流感疫苗的有效性方面经验丰富。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Influenza remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States alone, seasonal (inter pandemic) influenza is responsible for more than 200,000 hospitalizations and more than 23,000 deaths per year. The primary strategy to attenuate the impact of influenza epidemics is vaccination. Currently, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends annual influenza vaccination for all persons aged 6 months or older. However, some of these recommendations have been questioned, and the paucity of vaccine effectiveness estimates based on laboratory confirmed influenza disease further fuels this controversy. Furthermore, because influenza viruses and vaccines change annually, and because recommendations for these vaccines now cover most of the US population, annual assessments of vaccine effectiveness are needed to assess whether influenza vaccination is having its intended effects. Vanderbilt investigators have conducted prospective population- based surveillance for laboratory confirmed influenza for both the NIH and the CDC. We propose to conduct prospective surveillance in Davidson County, TN, with the following specific aims: 1) To conduct active population-based surveillance in adults hospitalized for laboratory confirmed influenza, to determine age-specific rates of influenza-associated hospitalizations; and, 2) To determine influenza vaccine effectiveness annually, using a case-control study design, among influenza positive adults hospitalized for influenza and influenza negative hospitalized controls. Vanderbilt investigators are experienced in conducting active prospective population-based hospital surveillance of laboratory confirmed influenza infections and in assessments of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines.