The Role of Prices in Diet and Health of Older Adults

价格在老年人饮食和健康中的作用

• 批准号: 9387236
• 负责人: Tadeja Gracner
• 金额: $ 9.85万
• 依托单位: RAND CORPORATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9387236
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Behavior; Beverages; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Body mass index; Calories; Carbohydrates; Categories; Characteristics; Cholesterol; Chronic Disease; Cities; Consumption; Country; Data; Data Set; Databases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diagnosis; Diet; Diet Habits; Dietary intake; Eating; Effectiveness; Elasticity; Elderly; Elements; Event; Expenditure; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fiber; Food; Geography; Glucose; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Health Policy; Health Surveys; Household; Hypertension; Income; Individual; Intake; Intervention; Laws; Location; Low income; Measures; Medical; Metabolic Diseases; Mexican; Mexico; Modeling; Municipalities; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrient; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Policies; Politics; Population; Poverty; Price; Principal Investigator; Proteins; Public Health; Role; Schedule; Socioeconomic Status; Specific qualifier value; Surveys; Taxes; Time; Translating; Variant; Waist-Hip Ratio; base; consumer demand; design; experimental study; health data; improved; insight; longitudinal dataset; novel; obesogenic; response; sex; soft drink; success; sugar; sweetened beverage

PROJECT SUMMARY Price-based policy interventions, such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) or high-calorie food taxes, have the potential to improve people’s diets and reduce obesity rates. But “sin taxes” in the US or elsewhere have been politically difficult to implement, and the possible health benefits are hard to predict. This project investigates two issues that are of high significance for understanding the effectiveness of such health policies. The first is to understand to what extent such price interventions change consumer food prices. The second is to understand how overall food and beverage consumption responds to price changes, and whether such changes translate into improved health. We study them in separate aims in the context of Mexico, which imposed both a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (approximately 9 percent) and energy-dense “junk” foods (8 percent on non-basic foods that contain ≥275 calories per 100 grams), effective January 2014. Our specific aims are to: (1) Aim 1: Study how the law changed prices for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and junk food relative to other foods using detailed barcoded price data. (2) Aim 2: Study how changes in food prices over time relate to changes in food purchases and health. a) Estimate own and cross-price elasticities of the household demand for food, calories and nutrients (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, including sugar and fiber). We consider the full consumer basket and estimate substitution patterns between all food and nutrient purchases, using Household Expenditure Survey data (ENIGH) and barcoded price data. b) Analyze how changes in food prices before and after the tax policy was implemented affected self-reported and objectively-measured health outcomes for older adults (born prior 1962), such as body mass index, hip-to-waist ratio, diagnosed diabetes or hypertension, blood pressure measures, and glucose and cholesterol levels. ►We also look at the short- term changes in their medical therapy and expenses for type 2 diabetes and hypertension.◄ These analyses rely on the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) and barcoded price data. c) ►Explore how relationships in Aim (2b) vary by individual’s 2012 health condition, socio-economic status, their sex and age; and by the dietary intake of foods, such as SSBs and high-calorie foods averaged at the locality level by SES, sex and age. We do this using the MHAS, 2012 Mexican Nutritional and Health Survey, and price data.◄ (3) Aim 3: Simulate alternative tax policies, such as higher SSBs or junk food tax, or calorie and nutrient tax using key parameters: tax elasticities of prices (from Aim 1), price elasticities of food purchases and health (from Aim 2).

项目总结 基于价格的政策干预，如含糖饮料(SSB)或高卡路里食品税，有可能 改善人们的饮食，降低肥胖率。但在美国或其他地方，“罪恶税”在政治上很难 实施起来，可能带来的健康益处很难预测。这个项目调查了两个非常重要的问题 这对于了解此类卫生政策的有效性具有重要意义。首先是要了解这样的价格在多大程度上 干预措施改变了食品消费价格。第二是了解整体食品和饮料消费 对价格变化做出反应，以及这种变化是否转化为改善健康状况。我们在不同的目标中研究它们 墨西哥的情况，它对含糖饮料(约9%)和高能量饮料征税 “垃圾”食品(对每100克含有275卡路里≥的非基本食品征收8%的税)，从2014年1月起生效。 我们的具体目标是： (1)目标1：研究该法律如何改变含糖饮料和垃圾食品相对于其他食品的价格 使用详细的条形码价格数据的食品。 (2)目标2：研究食品价格随时间的变化与食品购买和健康的变化之间的关系。 A)估计家庭对食物、卡路里和营养素(脂肪、蛋白质和 碳水化合物，包括糖和纤维)。我们考虑了整个消费者篮子，并估计了所有消费者之间的替代模式 食品和营养购买，使用家庭支出调查数据(ENIGH)和条形码价格数据。 B)分析税收政策实施前后食品价格的变化如何影响自我报告和 客观衡量老年人(1962年前出生)的健康结果，如身体质量指数、腰臀比、 诊断为糖尿病或高血压、血压测量以及血糖和胆固醇水平。►我们还看了一下短片- 他们治疗2型糖尿病和高血压的疗程和费用的变化。◄这些分析依赖于 墨西哥健康和老龄化研究(MHAS)和条形码价格数据。 C)►探讨AIM(2b)中的关系如何因2012年个人的健康状况、社会经济状况、性别和 年龄；以及食物的饮食摄入量，如SSB和高卡路里食物的摄入量，按社会经济地位、性别和年龄在当地一级平均。 我们使用MHAS、2012年墨西哥营养与健康调查和价格数据来完成这项工作。◄ (3)目标3：模拟其他税收政策，例如提高SSB或垃圾食品税，或使用 关键参数：价格的税收弹性(来自目标1)、食品购买和健康的价格弹性(来自目标2)。