Dissecting the origins of a complex reproductive trait: nematode self fertility
剖析复杂生殖性状的起源:线虫自交
基本信息
- 批准号:9216579
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 30.59万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2017
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2017-01-01 至 2020-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AddressAffectAgingAnimal ModelAnimalsAreaBehaviorBiologyCaenorhabditisComparative StudyComplexDeltastabDevelopmentDevelopmental BiologyEvolutionFemaleFertilityGLI Family ProteinGene Expression RegulationGenesGeneticGenetic ProcessesGenetic ScreeningGenomeGerm CellsHealthHumanHuman DevelopmentHybridsInformal Social ControlKnock-outLaboratoriesLearningLife StyleMalignant NeoplasmsMedicalMethodsModelingMolecular ModelsMutationNatural experimentNematodaOocytesPartner in relationshipPathway interactionsPlayProcessRNA InterferenceRecording of previous eventsRegulationReproductionReproductive BehaviorResearchRoleSelf-control as a personality traitSeriesSexual DevelopmentSperm Count ProcedureSpermatogenesisSystemTestingTimeWorkbasecomparativedarwinismeggexperimental studygenetic resourceinterestmalemolecular modelingmutantnoveloffspringreproductivereverse geneticssex determinationsperm cellsperm qualitytheoriestooltrait
项目摘要
One of the most important questions in evolutionary biology is how new traits originate. To find answers,
this proposal focuses on the origin of self-‐‑fertility in some species of roundworms. These species produce
hermaphrodites that look like females, but make their own sperm and fertilize their own eggs. Surprisingly,
these types of hermaphrodites evolved independently on many separate occasions. Thus, genetic comparisons
between different roundworm species provide a natural system for learning about evolution in the laboratory.
Two of these species are particularly useful. C. nigoni is male/female , but C. briggsae makes hermaphrodites.
Despite this dramatic difference, the two species are so closely related that they can mate and produce fertile
offspring. Hence, genetic comparisons between them should reveal which genes control self-‐‑fertility.
The central hypothesis in this proposal is that new traits like self-‐‑fertility originate in three steps. The first
produces preconditions that are required for the new trait. The unequal distribution of these preconditions
means that some species are more likely to evolve a particular trait than others. The second step involves a
precipitating change that produces the new trait in an unrefined form, by co-‐‑opting older genetic processes. The
third stage consists of reinforcing changes that optimize the trait. The mutations controlling each step can be
identified by their behavior in the tests described below.
Aim #1: Determine how sexual development is controlled in male/female species of roundworms. These
results will define the ancestral sex-‐‑determination pathway and identify preconditions for self-‐‑fertility.
Aim #2: Identify C. briggsae genes that are necessary and sufficient for XX spermatogenesis. Swapping
genes between female and hermaphroditic species will reveal which genes are sufficient to make herma-‐‑
phrodites. These genetic changes might have precipitated the transition to self-‐‑fertility. Other genes that only
affect the number or quality of sperm in hermaphrodites probably helped optimize this trait after it first arose.
Aim #3: Use forward and reverse genetics to learn how self-‐‑fertility is regulated in C. tropicalis. Dissecting
the genetic regulation of self-‐‑fertility in a third species will test these predictions about how it is controlled.
In roundworms, the Gli protein TRA-‐‑1 plays a key role in the control of sexual development, and interacts
with other medically relevant genes to control which germ cells form eggs and which make sperm. Thus, these
studies will provide new information about the regulation of genes that play important roles in human health.
进化生物学中最重要的问题之一是新特征是如何起源的。 要寻找答案,
该提案的重点是某些蛔虫物种自体受精的起源。 这些物种产生
雌雄同体,看起来像雌性,但自己产生精子并使自己的卵子受精。 出奇,
这些类型的雌雄同体在许多不同的场合独立进化。 因此,遗传比较
不同蛔虫物种之间的研究为在实验室中了解进化提供了一个自然系统。
其中两个物种特别有用。 C. nigoni 是雄性/雌性,但 C. briggsae 是雌雄同体。
尽管存在这种巨大的差异,但这两个物种的关系非常密切,以至于它们可以交配并产生可育的后代
后代。 因此,它们之间的基因比较应该揭示哪些基因控制自体生育。
该提案的中心假设是自体受孕等新特征起源于三个步骤。 第一个
产生新特征所需的先决条件。 这些先决条件的分配不均
意味着某些物种比其他物种更有可能进化出特定的特征。 第二步涉及
通过选择较旧的遗传过程,以未经精炼的形式产生新的特征,从而引发变化。 这
第三阶段包括加强优化特征的改变。 控制每个步骤的突变可以是
通过他们在下面描述的测试中的行为来识别。
目标#1:确定雄性/雌性蛔虫物种的性发育是如何控制的。 这些
结果将定义祖先的性别决定途径并确定自我生育的先决条件。
目标 #2:确定 C. briggsae 基因对于 XX 精子发生是必要且充分的。 交换
雌性和雌雄同体物种之间的基因将揭示哪些基因足以使雌性——
佛洛狄忒。 这些基因变化可能加速了向自体受孕的转变。 其他基因仅
影响雌雄同体精子的数量或质量可能有助于优化这一特征。
目标#3:利用正向和反向遗传学来了解热带念珠菌如何调节自体受精。 解剖
第三个物种对自体受精的遗传调控将检验这些关于如何控制它的预测。
在蛔虫中,Gli 蛋白 TRA-‐‑1 在控制性发育中发挥着关键作用,并相互作用
与其他医学相关基因一起控制哪些生殖细胞形成卵子以及哪些生殖细胞形成精子。 因此,这些
研究将提供有关在人类健康中发挥重要作用的基因调控的新信息。
项目成果
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{{ truncateString('RONALD E ELLIS', 18)}}的其他基金
Regulation of the Gli protein TRA-1 by co-factors
辅因子对 Gli 蛋白 TRA-1 的调节
- 批准号:
9237835 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 30.59万 - 项目类别:
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