Dissecting the origins of a complex reproductive trait: nematode self fertility
剖析复杂生殖性状的起源:线虫自交
基本信息
- 批准号:9216579
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 30.59万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2017
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2017-01-01 至 2020-12-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AddressAffectAgingAnimal ModelAnimalsAreaBehaviorBiologyCaenorhabditisComparative StudyComplexDeltastabDevelopmentDevelopmental BiologyEvolutionFemaleFertilityGLI Family ProteinGene Expression RegulationGenesGeneticGenetic ProcessesGenetic ScreeningGenomeGerm CellsHealthHumanHuman DevelopmentHybridsInformal Social ControlKnock-outLaboratoriesLearningLife StyleMalignant NeoplasmsMedicalMethodsModelingMolecular ModelsMutationNatural experimentNematodaOocytesPartner in relationshipPathway interactionsPlayProcessRNA InterferenceRecording of previous eventsRegulationReproductionReproductive BehaviorResearchRoleSelf-control as a personality traitSeriesSexual DevelopmentSperm Count ProcedureSpermatogenesisSystemTestingTimeWorkbasecomparativedarwinismeggexperimental studygenetic resourceinterestmalemolecular modelingmutantnoveloffspringreproductivereverse geneticssex determinationsperm cellsperm qualitytheoriestooltrait
项目摘要
One of the most important questions in evolutionary biology is how new traits originate. To find answers,
this proposal focuses on the origin of self-‐‑fertility in some species of roundworms. These species produce
hermaphrodites that look like females, but make their own sperm and fertilize their own eggs. Surprisingly,
these types of hermaphrodites evolved independently on many separate occasions. Thus, genetic comparisons
between different roundworm species provide a natural system for learning about evolution in the laboratory.
Two of these species are particularly useful. C. nigoni is male/female , but C. briggsae makes hermaphrodites.
Despite this dramatic difference, the two species are so closely related that they can mate and produce fertile
offspring. Hence, genetic comparisons between them should reveal which genes control self-‐‑fertility.
The central hypothesis in this proposal is that new traits like self-‐‑fertility originate in three steps. The first
produces preconditions that are required for the new trait. The unequal distribution of these preconditions
means that some species are more likely to evolve a particular trait than others. The second step involves a
precipitating change that produces the new trait in an unrefined form, by co-‐‑opting older genetic processes. The
third stage consists of reinforcing changes that optimize the trait. The mutations controlling each step can be
identified by their behavior in the tests described below.
Aim #1: Determine how sexual development is controlled in male/female species of roundworms. These
results will define the ancestral sex-‐‑determination pathway and identify preconditions for self-‐‑fertility.
Aim #2: Identify C. briggsae genes that are necessary and sufficient for XX spermatogenesis. Swapping
genes between female and hermaphroditic species will reveal which genes are sufficient to make herma-‐‑
phrodites. These genetic changes might have precipitated the transition to self-‐‑fertility. Other genes that only
affect the number or quality of sperm in hermaphrodites probably helped optimize this trait after it first arose.
Aim #3: Use forward and reverse genetics to learn how self-‐‑fertility is regulated in C. tropicalis. Dissecting
the genetic regulation of self-‐‑fertility in a third species will test these predictions about how it is controlled.
In roundworms, the Gli protein TRA-‐‑1 plays a key role in the control of sexual development, and interacts
with other medically relevant genes to control which germ cells form eggs and which make sperm. Thus, these
studies will provide new information about the regulation of genes that play important roles in human health.
进化生物学研究中最重要的几个问题之一是新的基因特征是如何起源的。我们需要找到更多的答案。
这项提案的重点是在一些常见的蛔虫物种中寻找自交不育能力的来源。这些新物种将产生。
两性人说,它们看起来像雌性,但它们会制造自己的精子,并让自己的卵子受精。令人惊讶的是,
这些类型的两性人在许多不同的场合独立进化。因此,我们进行了遗传基因的比较。
在不同的蛔虫物种之间,我们可以在实验室里为他们提供一个更自然的学习系统来了解他们的进化过程。
在这些物种中,有两种特别有用。米尼戈尼亚种是雄性/雌性亚种,但布氏亚种是雌雄异体。
尽管有如此戏剧性的差异,但这两个物种之间的关系如此密切,以至于它们可以相互交配,并产生可繁殖的后代。
后代。因此,他们之间的遗传基因比较应该不会揭示哪些基因控制着自我生育。
--
在这项新的提案中提出的核心假设是,像自我生育这样的新人类特征起源于以下三个步骤。第一个步骤。
产生了一些前提条件,这些前提条件是创造这一新的经济特征所必需的。这些前提条件的不平等分配也是如此。
这意味着一些物种比其他物种更有可能进化出一种特定的特征。第二个步骤涉及一个新的物种。
促成这种变化的是,它以一种未经精炼的形式产生了一种新的遗传特征,其次是联合选择了更古老的遗传基因过程。
第三阶段包括加强和优化基因特征的变化。控制每一步的基因突变是不可能的。
通过测试他们在下面描述的测试中的行为特征来识别他们。
--
目标#1:确定在一种雄性/雌性蛔虫物种中,性发育过程是如何受到控制的。
结果将不会定义祖先的性别-决定途径,并将确定自我--生育的先决条件。
--
目标2:找出人类精子发生所必需的基因,并为其提供足够的基因。
雌性物种和两性物种之间的基因转换将揭示哪些基因有足够的基因来制造Herma
闪锌矿。这些遗传基因的变化可能是加速了人类向自体生育的转变。其他的遗传基因也只是如此。
影响两性人精子数量或质量的变化可能有助于优化这一性状,因为它是第一次出现。
--
目标#3:利用正向遗传学和反向遗传学方法,进一步了解热带红豆杉的自交--生育能力是如何受到调控的。
在近三分之一的物种中,人类自交不育基因的基因调控机制将不会检验这些关于它在多大程度上受到控制的预测。
--
在蛔虫中,主要的Gli蛋白TRA-1在性行为发育、性别和性别相互作用的关键控制过程中发挥着关键作用。
与其他一些医学上相关的基因一起,控制着生殖细胞形成卵子的过程,以及产生精子的过程。因此,这些都是可能的。
这些研究还将提供更多关于基因调控机制的新的科学信息,这些基因在人类健康中发挥着重要的作用。
项目成果
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{{ truncateString('RONALD E ELLIS', 18)}}的其他基金
Regulation of the Gli protein TRA-1 by co-factors
辅因子对 Gli 蛋白 TRA-1 的调节
- 批准号:
9237835 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 30.59万 - 项目类别:
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