Dissecting the origins of a complex reproductive trait: nematode self fertility
Dissecting the origins of a complex reproductive trait: nematode self fertility
批准号:
9216579
负责人:
RONALD E ELLIS
金额:
$30.59万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-01-01 至 2020-12-31
关键词:
AddressAffectAgingAnimal ModelAnimalsAreaBehaviorBiologyCaenorhabditisComparative StudyComplexDeltastabDevelopmentDevelopmental BiologyEvolutionFemaleFertilityGLI Family ProteinGene Expression RegulationGenesGeneticGenetic ProcessesGenetic ScreeningGenomeGerm CellsHealthHumanHuman DevelopmentHybridsInformal Social ControlKnock-outLaboratoriesLearningLife StyleMalignant NeoplasmsMedicalMethodsModelingMolecular ModelsMutationNatural experimentNematodaOocytesPartner in relationshipPathway interactionsPlayProcessRNA InterferenceRecording of previous eventsRegulationReproductionReproductive BehaviorResearchRoleSelf-control as a personality traitSeriesSexual DevelopmentSperm Count ProcedureSpermatogenesisSystemTestingTimeWorkbasecomparativedarwinismeggexperimental studygenetic resourceinterestmalemolecular modelingmutantnoveloffspringreproductivereverse geneticssex determinationsperm cellsperm qualitytheoriestooltrait
中文摘要
进化生物学中最重要的问题之一是新特征是如何产生的。 为了找到答案,
这一建议集中在某些种类的蛔虫的自繁殖起源上。 这些物种生产
雌雄同体,看起来像女性,但他们自己制造精子,使自己的卵子受精。 令人惊讶的是,
这些类型的雌雄同体在许多不同的情况下独立进化。因此,基因比较
不同蛔虫物种之间的相互作用为在实验室中学习进化提供了一个自然系统。
其中两种特别有用。 C. nigoni为雌雄异株,C. 布里格赛制造雌雄同体。
尽管有这种戏剧性的差异,这两个物种是如此密切相关,他们可以交配,产生肥沃的
后代因此,它们之间的遗传比较应该揭示哪些基因控制自我繁殖。
这个提议的核心假设是,像自我繁殖这样的新特征起源于三个步骤。 第一
产生新特征所需的先决条件。 这些先决条件的不平等分配
意味着某些物种比其他物种更有可能进化出特定的特征。 第二步涉及一个
通过吸收旧的遗传过程,以未精制的形式产生新性状的加速变化。的
第三阶段包括强化优化性状的变化。 控制每个步骤的突变可以是
通过它们在下面描述的测试中的行为来识别。
目的#1:确定性发育是如何控制在男性/女性物种的蛔虫。这些
研究结果将确定祖先的性别决定途径,并确定自我生殖的先决条件。
目标2:识别C。 briggsae基因是XX精子发生所必需和充分的。 交换
雌性和雌雄同体物种之间的基因将揭示哪些基因足以使雌雄同体,
佛洛狄忒 这些基因变化可能加速了向自我繁殖的转变。 其他基因,
影响雌雄同体精子的数量或质量可能有助于优化这一特征后,它第一次出现。
目标#3:使用正向和反向遗传学来了解C中自我生殖是如何调节的。热带植物解剖
在第三个物种中,自我繁殖的遗传调节将检验这些关于它是如何被控制的预测。
在蛔虫中,Gli蛋白TRA-1在控制性发育中起着关键作用,
与其他医学相关的基因来控制哪些生殖细胞形成卵子,哪些生殖细胞形成精子。因此这些
这些研究将提供有关在人类健康中发挥重要作用的基因调控的新信息。
英文摘要
One of the most important questions in evolutionary biology is how new traits originate. To find answers,
this proposal focuses on the origin of self-‐‑fertility in some species of roundworms. These species produce
hermaphrodites that look like females, but make their own sperm and fertilize their own eggs. Surprisingly,
these types of hermaphrodites evolved independently on many separate occasions. Thus, genetic comparisons
between different roundworm species provide a natural system for learning about evolution in the laboratory.
Two of these species are particularly useful. C. nigoni is male/female , but C. briggsae makes hermaphrodites.
Despite this dramatic difference, the two species are so closely related that they can mate and produce fertile
offspring. Hence, genetic comparisons between them should reveal which genes control self-‐‑fertility.
The central hypothesis in this proposal is that new traits like self-‐‑fertility originate in three steps. The first
produces preconditions that are required for the new trait. The unequal distribution of these preconditions
means that some species are more likely to evolve a particular trait than others. The second step involves a
precipitating change that produces the new trait in an unrefined form, by co-‐‑opting older genetic processes. The
third stage consists of reinforcing changes that optimize the trait. The mutations controlling each step can be
identified by their behavior in the tests described below.
Aim #1: Determine how sexual development is controlled in male/female species of roundworms. These
results will define the ancestral sex-‐‑determination pathway and identify preconditions for self-‐‑fertility.
Aim #2: Identify C. briggsae genes that are necessary and sufficient for XX spermatogenesis. Swapping
genes between female and hermaphroditic species will reveal which genes are sufficient to make herma-‐‑
phrodites. These genetic changes might have precipitated the transition to self-‐‑fertility. Other genes that only
affect the number or quality of sperm in hermaphrodites probably helped optimize this trait after it first arose.
Aim #3: Use forward and reverse genetics to learn how self-‐‑fertility is regulated in C. tropicalis. Dissecting
the genetic regulation of self-‐‑fertility in a third species will test these predictions about how it is controlled.
In roundworms, the Gli protein TRA-‐‑1 plays a key role in the control of sexual development, and interacts
with other medically relevant genes to control which germ cells form eggs and which make sperm. Thus, these
studies will provide new information about the regulation of genes that play important roles in human health.
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会议论文
Regulation of the Gli protein TRA-1 by co-factors
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批准号:9237835
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$30.59万
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财政年份:2017
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Pathways
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批准号:8007542
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$12.78万
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财政年份:2010
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Pathways
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批准号:7869398
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$27.8万
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财政年份:2008
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Pathways
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批准号:7647122
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$28.08万
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财政年份:2008
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Pathways
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批准号:7507668
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$28.08万
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财政年份:2008
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Pathways
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批准号:8296612
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$13.65万
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财政年份:2008
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Pathways
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批准号:8725022
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$13.96万
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财政年份:2008
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
Evolution of Developmental Regulatory Pathways
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批准号:8089540
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$27.52万
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财政年份:2008
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负责人:RONALD E ELLIS
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依托单位:
海外基金