A high brightness microstructured anode X-ray source for clinical phase contrast imaging

用于临床相差成像的高亮度微结构阳极X射线源

• 批准号: 9543634
• 负责人: Wenbing Yun
• 金额: $ 94.22万
• 依托单位: SIGRAY, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9543634
• 关键词: American; Anodes; Belief; Clinical; Clinics and Hospitals; Data Set; Degenerative polyarthritis; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic radiologic examination; Diamond; Disease; Dose; Early Diagnosis; Electrons; Elements; Ensure; Equipment; Face; Feedback; Finger joint structure; Goals; Image; Imagery; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Interferometry; Laboratories; Lighting; Mechanics; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Output; Patients; Performance; Phase; Physics; Process; Property; Radiation; Radiation Dosage; Roentgen Rays; Sample Size; Screening for cancer; Soft Tissue Disorder; Solid; Source; Specific qualifier value; Spottings; Structure; Survival Rate; Synchrotrons; System; Techniques; Temperature; Testing; Therapeutic; Thermal Conductivity; Time; Tungsten; Vacuum; Woman; Work; absorption; accurate diagnosis; base; bioimaging; clinical application; clinically relevant; commercialization; contrast imaging; density; design; disease diagnosis; dosage; improved; innovation; malignant breast neoplasm; novel; performance tests; pre-clinical; prototype; screening; soft tissue; success; treatment effect; treatment planning

X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) is widely regarded as one of the most exciting techniques to have emerged in x-ray physics, and has potential to significantly change the face of biomedical imaging. XPCI, which is based on the refraction of X-rays rather than their absorption, can provide up to 1000 times greater contrast in soft tissues than absorption contrast, which is the current method employed by x-ray equipment. The technique offers enormous potential for earlier diagnosis of diseases and visualization of features currently not visible through conventional techniques, as well as dramatic reduction in dosage to enable safer screening for cancer. Of the several approaches to XPCI, Talbot interferometry is considered to have the most potential for clinical use, as it does not require a synchrotron source. However, the current approach to Talbot phase contrast requires a grating placed near a conventional laboratory X-ray source (the addition of the source grating is called the Talbot-Lau technique). This has led to limits on the X-ray energies used in Talbot-Lau interferometers of less than <20 keV, which has restricted its use (35-80 keV being more optimal for clinical applications), in addition to reduced source efficiency. We propose to develop a high brightness X-ray source that is optimized to enable clinical Talbot interferometers at the higher energies that are relevant to clinical applications. The source employs a novel microstructured anode, which is comprised of an array of tungsten micron-sized X-ray emitters embedded in a material of excellent thermal conductivity and low density (diamond). These micro-emitters act as an array of small sources, which would remove the need for the source grating, and the inclusion of diamond provides superior thermal properties for high brightness. The proposed Phase I 9-month project is a proof-of-principle demonstration that the novel microstructured anode can be manufactured and would provide the desired thermal benefits and x-ray output, and the proposed Phase II 24-month project would produce two working prototypes of the source.

x射线相衬成像（XPCI）被广泛认为是近年来最令人兴奋的技术之一