Defining Characteristics of Cortical Progenitor Cells over Time in Mouse and Human

定义小鼠和人类皮质祖细胞随时间变化的特征

• 批准号: 9156213
• 负责人: SALLY TEMPLE
• 金额: $ 59.5万
• 依托单位: REGENERATIVE RESEARCH FOUNDATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-15 至 2024-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9156213
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Architecture; Candidate Disease Gene; Cell Cycle; Cell division; Cells; Cerebral cortex; Cerebrum; Characteristics; Code; Complex; Data; Development; Disease; Embryo; Environmental Risk Factor; Generations; Genes; Heterogeneity; Human; Image Analysis; In Vitro; Knowledge; Life; Methods; Mus; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neuroglia; Neurons; Pregnancy; Process; Production; RNA-Binding Proteins; Radial; Role; Specific qualifier value; Stem cells; Structure; Structure of choroid plexus; Testing; Time; Translations; Untranslated RNA; Vascular Endothelial Cell; Work; blastomere structure; daughter cell; developmental disease; in vivo; nerve stem cell; novel; progenitor; receptor; regenerative therapy; release factor; screening; stem cell technology; stem-like cell; therapy development; time use; transcriptome sequencing

Cerebral cortical development is a highly orchestrated process, with production of neurons destined for the cortical layers produced in order, deep to superficial, followed by glial generation. The timing of this process is very different between species. For example, mouse corticogenesis occurs over approximately a week of gestation, while in humans the process takes several months, resulting in a much larger and more complex cortex. Lineage studies have functionally defined the major types of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) contributing to corticogenesis, including stem cell-like radial glial cells (RGCs) and intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). However, much remains to be discovered regarding how RGCs and IPCs are specified over time. We have discovered that during asymmetric RGC-IPC cell divisions, the RNA binding protein Stau2 segregates a complex cargo of coding and non-coding RNA specifically into the IPC daughter. Analysis of this cargo at different embryonic stages by RNA-sequencing has revealed networks of genes that are candidates for controlling proliferation and temporal specification of the IPC fate. Here we propose to test these candidates in functional studies, using high-throughput automated time-lapse image analysis for in vitro studies, as well as a novel lentiviral in vivo screening method, to define their roles in specifying IPCs and timing corticogenesis. In contrast to the progress made in understanding the characteristics of mouse cortical progenitor cells, less is understood regarding human cortical progenitors. Fundamental knowledge about how human RGCs and IPCs produce diverse progeny over time, their division mode, cell cycle times and lineages, remains unknown. Here we will address these gaps in knowledge using long-term time-lapse lineage analysis in vitro. In addition, by identifying genes expressed in human cortical progenitor cells, including at the single cell level and via analysis of the Stau2 cargo, we will reveal human cortical progenitor subtypes and heterogeneity. Further, a comparison of human and mouse cortical progenitor cell data will help illuminate key differences to address a major mystery: the difference in timing of mouse and human cortical development. Our lab continues to explore the interaction of environmental factors on cortical progenitor cells, aided by the ability to rapidly quantify changes in proliferation, division mode and differentiation using time-lapse analysis. Soluble factors released by structures in the germinal niche such as vascular endothelial cells and the choroid plexus, act on cortical progenitors to regulate the numbers and types of progeny they produce. Our recent work has identified a panel of candidate niche molecules secreted by the choroid plexus that could interact with receptors expressed on neural progenitors, which we propose to examine in vitro and in vivo, in mouse and human. Defining niche factors and their specific actions paves the way to address diseases that involve degeneration of stem cell zones which are normally active throughout life. Furthermore, defining environmental factors that act on human NPCs is important for translation towards regenerative therapy development.

大脑皮层的发育是一个高度协调的过程，神经元的产生是按照从深层到表层的顺序产生的，然后是神经胶质的产生。这一过程的时间在物种之间是非常不同的。例如，小鼠的皮质生成大约发生在妊娠的一周内，而人类的这个过程需要几个月的时间，导致皮质更大、更复杂。谱系研究已经从功能上定义了促进皮质发生的神经祖细胞（npc）的主要类型，包括干细胞样径向胶质细胞（RGCs）和中间祖细胞（IPCs）。然而，随着时间的推移，关于如何指定rgc和IPCs，还有很多有待发现。我们发现，在不对称RGC-IPC细胞分裂过程中，RNA结合蛋白Stau2将编码和非编码RNA的复杂货物特异性地分离到IPC子细胞中。通过rna测序对不同胚胎阶段的这批货物进行分析，揭示了控制增殖和IPC命运的时间规范的候选基因网络。在这里，我们建议在功能研究中测试这些候选药物，使用高通量自动延时图像分析进行体外研究，以及一种新的慢病毒体内筛选方法，以确定它们在指定IPCs和定时皮质发生中的作用。与对小鼠皮质祖细胞特征的了解取得进展相比，对人类皮质祖细胞的了解较少。关于人类RGCs和IPCs如何随着时间的推移产生不同的后代，它们的分裂模式，细胞周期时间和谱系的基本知识仍然未知。在这里，我们将利用体外长期延时谱系分析来解决这些知识空白。此外，通过鉴定人类皮质祖细胞中表达的基因，包括在单细胞水平和通过分析Stau2货物，我们将揭示人类皮质祖细胞亚型和异质性。此外，人类和小鼠皮质祖细胞数据的比较将有助于阐明关键差异，以解决一个主要谜团：小鼠和人类皮质发育时间的差异。通过使用延时分析快速量化增殖、分裂模式和分化的变化，我们的实验室继续探索环境因素对皮质祖细胞的相互作用。生发生态位结构释放的可溶性因子，如血管内皮细胞和脉络膜丛，作用于皮质祖细胞，调节其产生的后代的数量和类型。我们最近的工作已经确定了一组候选的生态位分子，这些分子由脉络膜丛分泌，可以与神经祖细胞上表达的受体相互作用，我们建议在体外和体内，小鼠和人类中进行研究。确定生态位因子及其具体作用为解决涉及一生中通常活跃的干细胞区退化的疾病铺平了道路。此外，确定作用于人类npc的环境因素对再生疗法的发展至关重要。