Computational and Neurophysiological Dynamics of Lexical Access in Speech Perception
言语感知中词汇访问的计算和神经生理学动力学
基本信息
- 批准号:9327661
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 5.67万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2016
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2016-08-01 至 2019-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AcousticsAddressAlgorithmsAphasiaArchitectureAuditoryBase of the BrainBrainCategoriesCerealsChronicClinicalClinical TreatmentCognitiveComprehensionComputer SimulationCuesDataDevelopmentDiagnosisDiseaseDyslexiaEarElectrocorticogramElectrodesEpilepsyFruitFutureHearingHumanImplanted ElectrodesIntractable EpilepsyLanguageLanguage DisordersLateralLeadLinkMapsMediatingMedicalMethodologyMethodsModelingNeural Network SimulationOperative Surgical ProceduresPatientsPatternPearPerceptionPopulationProcessPropertyPsycholinguisticsResearchResearch PersonnelResolutionRetrievalSelf-Help DevicesSemanticsSeriesShapesShoesSignal TransductionSpeechSpeech DisordersSpeech PerceptionSpeech SoundStimulusSuperior temporal gyrusSurfaceSystemTestingTimeTissuesTrainingVoiceWord ProcessingWorkawakebasebrain surgerydensityexperimental studyimprovedinnovationlanguage comprehensionlexicallexical processingmillimetermillisecondneural circuitneuroimagingneurophysiologyneurotransmissionnovelpreventrelating to nervous systemresponsesoundspatiotemporalspecific language impairmentspeech processingtemporal measurementtool
项目摘要
Project Summary/Abstract
The mapping from sound to meaning that is fundamental to the comprehension of spoken language
involves a series of neural computations comprising two basic cognitive subroutines: perceptual processing,
which involves the low-level auditory and phonetic analysis of a speech signal, and lexical access, whereby the
semantic and other properties associated with a word's sound form are retrieved. While past work has
investigated the neuroanatomical bases for perceptual processing and lexical access, methodological
limitations have prevented researchers from probing the neurophysiological dynamics that implement these
computations on a fine-grained spatial and temporal scale. Recent advances in the acquisition and analysis of
high-density intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) data directly from the brains of awake, behaving humans
undergoing brain surgery have elucidated the cortical representations of speech sounds and the dynamics of
perceptual processing, but it is not yet known how the brain implements lexical access. In the proposed work,
we will investigate the neurophysiology of lexical access and the interactions between sound and meaning by
recording ECoG responses to spoken words while patients with implanted electrode grids participate in two
psycholinguistic experiments (Aim 1), and by developing a computational model that links internal model
predictions to spatiotemporally distributed processing components in neural responses to speech (Aim 2).
Aims 1.1 and 1.2 will examine the influence of different contextual biases on the neurophysiological response
to a spoken word. In Aim 1.1, we hypothesize that both acoustic and contextual cues will modulate lexical
access, and that the neural signature of lexical access will emerge in the superior temporal gyrus (STG).
Importantly, any consistent differences in ECoG responses to an acoustically identical stimulus in different
contexts will correspond to neural processing components associated with lexical access (and not perceptual
processing). In Aim 1.2, we hypothesize that top-down contextual biases will modulate perceptual processing
of a subsequent related spoken word, consistent with highly interactive perceptual and lexical processing
dynamics in STG. Finally, in Aim 2, we will develop a computational model of speech perception capable of
predicting time-varying neural response patterns. The specification of such a model will formalize a theoretical
framework within which to consider hypotheses about the neural implementations of perceptual processing and
lexical access. It will also generate novel, testable predictions that will guide future experimental work with
ECoG involving speech perception. Understanding the neural circuitry and computations that s upport
perceptual processing and lexical access has the potential to improve diagnosis and characterization of
speech and language disorders (e.g., dyslexia, aphasia), lead to innovative, brain-based treatments for such
conditions, and aid in the development of assistive technologies capable of extracting meaning from speech.
项目摘要/摘要
从声音到意义的映射,这是理解口语的基础
涉及一系列神经计算,包括两个基本的认知子程序:知觉处理,
它涉及对语音信号的低级听觉和语音分析,以及词汇访问,由此
检索与单词的声音形式相关联的语义和其他属性。虽然过去的工作已经
研究了感知加工和词汇通达的神经解剖学基础,方法论
局限性使研究人员无法探索实现这些目标的神经生理动力学。
在细粒度空间和时间尺度上的计算。人血清白蛋白的获取和分析研究进展
高密度脑电(ECoG)数据直接来自清醒、行为正常的人的大脑
正在接受脑部手术的人阐明了语音的皮质表征和语音的动力学
知觉处理,但目前还不知道大脑是如何实现词汇获取的。在拟议的工作中,
我们将通过以下方式研究词汇通达的神经生理学以及语音和语义之间的相互作用
在植入电极格栅的患者参与两次测试时记录ECoG对口语的反应
心理语言学实验(目标1),并开发一个连接内部模型的计算模型
对神经对语音反应的时空分布处理成分的预测(目标2)。
AIMS 1.1和1.2将考察不同语境偏见对神经生理反应的影响
一个口头上的单词。在目标1.1中,我们假设声学线索和语境线索都会调节词汇
词汇通达的神经特征将出现在颞上回(STG)。
重要的是,在不同的大脑中,对相同的声学刺激的脑电反应的任何一致的差异
语境将对应于与词汇通达(而不是知觉)相关的神经处理组件
正在处理)。在Aim 1.2中,我们假设自上而下的语境偏见将调节知觉加工
与高度交互的知觉和词汇处理一致的后续相关口语单词
STG中的动力学。最后,在目标2中,我们将开发一个语音感知计算模型,该模型能够
预测时变的神经反应模式。这种模型的规范将使理论上的
在框架内考虑关于知觉处理的神经实现的假设和
词汇通达。它还将产生新的、可测试的预测,这些预测将指导未来的实验工作
涉及言语知觉的脑电波。理解S所支持的神经回路和计算
知觉处理和词汇通达有可能改善诊断和表征
言语和语言障碍(例如,阅读困难、失语症),导致了对这些疾病的创新的、基于大脑的治疗
并帮助开发能够从语音中提取含义的辅助技术。
项目成果
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