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Retrieval dynamics and interference in anaphoric resolution: Skilled and unskilled readers

检索动态和照应消解中的干扰：熟练和不熟练的读者

基本信息

批准号：
8995124
负责人：
Dave Kush
金额：
$ 3.79万
依托单位：
HASKINS LABORATORIES, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-12-20 至 2016-07-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8995124
关键词：
Accounting Address Adopted Adult Affect Age Attention Binding Canada Characteristics Clinical Clinical assessments Communities Complex Comprehension Cues Dependency Distant Economics Goals Individual Individual Differences Intervention Investigation Laboratories Language Learning Life Linguistics Link Maintenance Memory Methodology Methods Nature Occupational Outcome Participant Pathway interactions Play Population Positioning Attribute Predisposition Process Public Health Reader Reading Reporting Research Resolution Retrieval Role Sampling Short-Term Memory Source Speed Statistical Methods Structure Testing Text Time Training Ursidae Family Work abstracting aged base cognitive control executive function experience falls indexing insight literacy memory process memory retrieval natural language operation phrases programs public health relevance reading ability reading comprehension reading difficulties remediation research study skills social statistics syntax university student

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): According to the 2003 report on Adult Literacy and Life Skills (Statistics Canada & OECD, 2005) an estimated 51% of US adults aged 16-25 can read only at a "below-basic" level, which is insufficient for attaining advanced educational and occupational goals. Because, poor reading ability has tremendous negative personal, social, and economic consequences for individuals, it is an issue of real public health concern. The origins of reading difficulty are many and varied, but recently memory retrieval interference during incremental sentence processing has been identified as a source of comprehension difficulty (Van Dyke & Johns 2012). My project will investigate how retrieval interference during the construction of pronoun-antecedent dependencies contributes to poor comprehension. Pronominal dependencies are pervasive in natural language texts (between 25%-35% of all reference in language uses pronouns - Hardie 2007), and their successful resolution is crucial in constructing coherent and correct interpretations. Pronominal dependencies are subject to a number of structural constraints which restrict the positions of their antecedents. Though relational constraints play an indispensable role in theoretical descriptions of linguistic behavio, there has been little work to link the theoretical understanding of the distribution of pronouns with mechanisms of retrieval during incremental sentence comprehension. The current proposal focuses on investigating how effective individual readers are at resisting interference from structurally inappropriate but feature-matching NPs during antecedent retrieval. My Specific Aim 1 is to identify the mechanism that comprehenders employ to retrieve antecedents from memory. To date, no research has directly addressed this question, and the current proposal seeks to fill in this gap. The experiments will contrast two candidate mechanisms: a direct-access retrieval mechanism and a serial- search mechanism (e.g. Sternberg 1966) using the Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff paradigm. In my dissertation I proposed that skilled comprehenders are capable of employing strategies to resist retrieval interference. Specific Aim 2 will systematically investigate structural constraints of differing complexity to identify conditions under which retrieval interference occurs. Finally, Specific Aim 3 of the proposal investigates the extent to which poor and inhibitory control abilities are significant predictors of retrieval interference across all of the experiments proposed. In order to have broad impact, the studies will target a community-based sample comprised of both non-college-bound individuals (age 16-24) and college students of the same age. This broad population constitutes a more representative sample of reading ability in the population at large. I anticipate that the project will result in a new understanding of a significant source of individual variability in reading comprehension, which will perhaps inform clinical remediation methods.

描述（由申请人提供）：根据2003年关于成人识字和生活技能的报告（加拿大统计局和经合组织，2005年），估计51%的16-25岁的美国成年人只能阅读“低于基本”的水平，这不足以实现高等教育和职业目标。因为，不良的阅读能力会对个人、社会和经济产生巨大的负面影响，这是一个真实的公共健康问题。阅读困难的起源多种多样，但最近已确定增量句子处理过程中的记忆提取干扰是理解困难的来源（货车Dyke & Johns 2012）。我的项目将调查如何提取干扰过程中的代词先行词的依赖关系的建设有助于穷人的理解。代词依赖性在自然语言文本中普遍存在（语言中25%-35%的引用使用代词- Hardie 2007），它们的成功解决对于构建连贯和正确的解释至关重要。代词依赖关系受到许多结构性约束，这些约束限制了它们的先行词的位置。尽管关系约束在语言行为的理论描述中起着不可或缺的作用，但很少有人将代词分布的理论理解与增量句子理解中的提取机制联系起来。目前的建议侧重于调查如何有效的个人读者在抵抗干扰结构不适当，但功能匹配的NP在先行检索。我的具体目标1是确定记忆者从记忆中提取先行词的机制。迄今为止，没有任何研究直接涉及这一问题，目前的提案试图填补这一空白。实验将对比两种候选机制：直接访问检索机制和串行搜索机制（例如，斯滕贝格1966）使用速度-准确性权衡范式。在我的论文中，我提出了熟练的检索者能够采用策略来抵抗检索干扰。具体目标2将系统地研究不同复杂性的结构约束，以确定检索干扰发生的条件。最后，提案的具体目标3调查了在何种程度上，穷人和抑制控制能力是显着的预测检索干扰在所有的实验提出。为了产生广泛的影响，这些研究将针对一个以社区为基础的样本，包括非大学约束的个人（16-24岁）和同龄的大学生。这一广泛的人口构成了一个更有代表性的样本的阅读能力的人口。我预计，该项目将导致在阅读理解，这可能会告知临床补救方法的个体差异的重要来源的新的理解。