Facilitating Completeness in Children's Maltreatment Disclosures

促进儿童虐待事件披露的完整性

• 批准号: 9240473
• 负责人: THOMAS D LYON
• 金额: $ 61.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-15 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9240473
• 关键词: Abuse Reporting; Adult; Archives; Child; Child Abuse; Child Abuse and Neglect; Child Development; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; County; Decision Making; Dependency; Development; Disclosure; Eligibility Determination; Ethics; Evaluation; False Allegation; Family; Forensic Medicine; Funding; International; Interview; Interviewer; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Laws; Lead; Learning; Legal; Legal Intervention; Linguistics; Los Angeles; Methods; Observational Study; Perception; Performance; Play; Procedures; Process; Productivity; Professional Practice; Psychology; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Schools; Series; Services; Sexual abuse; Students; Techniques; Testing; Time; Toy; Work; abuse victim; child protection; court; design; developmental psychology; efficacy testing; evidence base; experimental study; field study; improved; innovation; insight; laboratory experiment; maltreated children; maltreatment; member; novel; physical abuse; programs; response; social; willingness

Project Summary/Abstract: Facilitating completeness in children’s maltreatment disclosures Child maltreatment is one of the most serious threats to children’s well-being. However, substantial percentages of children either fail to disclose abuse or provide unconvincing disclosures. In order to justify legal intervention, decision-makers expect children to disclose abuse without excessive prompting, but also to provide sufficient details about time, number, and physical interactions to convince adults that abuse occurred. Interviewers are unsure how to elicit such details; children appear unlikely to produce them spontaneously, but extensive questioning risks error and miscommunication. Given the critical importance of maltreated children’s disclosure for the protection of children, it is imperative to identify the most sensitive interviewing approaches. The proposed program of research will involve a series of novel laboratory and field studies designed to identify interviewing methods that help maltreated children provide complete reports. The project has two aims: 1) To maximize children’s capacity and willingness to disclose adult transgressions; and 2) To identify optimal question types for eliciting details about time, number, and physical interactions. The aims will be achieved through five projects. Project 1 will identify and assess field methods for eliciting maltreatment disclosures and details about time, number, and physical interactions. It will involve detailed analysis of trial testimonies and forensic interviews with children. Project 2 will test the efficacy of novel interviewing methods in eliciting transgression disclosures, and Project 3 will identify optimal question types for eliciting details about time, number, and physical interactions. Projects 2 and 3 will involve laboratory experimental studies with children who are questioned about suspected transgressions. Valenced questions (questions about “something bad” or “the worst thing”), paired yes/no questions (yes/no questions followed by a requests for elaboration), and open- ended questions about time, number, and physical interactions will be assessed for their effect on the completeness of children’s disclosures. Project 4 will experimentally assess adults’ perceptions of children’s disclosures and denials of transgressions. It will involve laboratory experimental studies with adults asked for their evaluation of children questioned utilizing the techniques tested in Projects 2 and 3. Project 5 will test the efficacy of novel interviewing methods in field experiments with children disclosing sexual and physical abuse. In addition to the techniques described above, it will test the efficacy of conversation questions (questions about the child’s conversations with the suspect), the subject of our currently funded research. Our research program is unique: it combines field observational research, laboratory experimental research, and field experimental research in an attempt to identify the most successful child interviewing approaches. The research provides an unprecedented opportunity to advance our understanding of child development and provide critical insight into best practice for professionals who interview children. It promises to improve interviewing, and in turn to enable child professionals to better protect children and their families.

项目摘要/摘要：促进儿童虐待事件披露的完整性 虐待儿童是对儿童福祉最严重的威胁之一。然而，实质性的 一定比例的儿童要么没有披露虐待行为，要么提供的披露不令人信服。为了证明 在法律干预下，决策者希望儿童在没有过度提示的情况下披露虐待行为，但也 提供有关时间、次数和身体互动的足够详细信息，以让成年人相信虐待发生了。 面试官不确定如何获取这些细节；儿童似乎不太可能自发地产生它们，但是 广泛的提问可能会导致错误和沟通不畅。鉴于受虐待儿童的重要性 为了保护儿童的披露，必须确定最敏感的访谈方法。 拟议的研究计划将涉及一系列新颖的实验室和实地研究，旨在 确定帮助受虐待儿童提供完整报告的访谈方法。该项目有两个目标： 1）最大限度地提高儿童揭露成人违规行为的能力和意愿； 2）确定最佳 用于引出有关时间、数量和身体互动的详细信息的问题类型。目标将会实现 通过五个项目。项目 1 将确定和评估用于引发虐待行为披露的实地方法，以及 有关时间、次数和身体互动的详细信息。它将涉及对审判证词的详细分析和 对儿童进行法医访谈。项目 2 将测试新颖的访谈方法在引出信息方面的有效性 违规披露，项目 3 将确定最佳问题类型以引出有关时间的详细信息， 数量和物理相互作用。项目 2 和 3 将涉及儿童实验室实验研究 因涉嫌违法行为而被询问的人。配价问题（关于“坏事”或 “最糟糕的事情”），配对的是/否问题（是/否问题后面跟着详细说明的请求），以及开放式- 关于时间、数量和身体互动的问题将被评估，以了解它们对 儿童披露的完整性。项目 4 将通过实验评估成人对儿童的看法 披露和否认违法行为。它将涉及成人要求的实验室实验研究 他们利用项目 2 和 3 中测试的技术对受质疑的儿童进行评估。项目 5 将测试 在对揭露性虐待和身体虐待的儿童进行现场实验时，新颖的访谈方法的有效性。 除了上述技术之外，还将测试对话问题（问题 关于孩子与嫌疑人的对话），这是我们目前资助的研究的主题。我们的研究 项目的独特之处在于：它结合了实地观察研究、实验室实验研究和实地研究 实验研究试图找出最成功的儿童访谈方法。这 研究提供了前所未有的机会来增进我们对儿童发展和 为采访儿童的专业人士提供有关最佳实践的批判性见解。它承诺会改进 访谈，进而使儿童专业人员能够更好地保护儿童及其家人。