Impact of waterpipe configuration on the size distribution and number density of smoke particles and targeted chemical analysis of particle profiles that diminish alveolar cell health

流行病学研究表明，自来水管的使用已经上升到“全球性瘟疫”的水平。新的和长期的 吸烟者对烟斗内液体的过滤能力和成分的毒性有误解 吸入肺部。香烟烟草烟雾（CTS）研究已经确定了一个大型图书馆的有害 在一些实施方案中，本发明涉及可在水管烟草烟雾（WTS）的烟草热解产物中发现的组分。WTS是 使其更复杂，因为它包括木炭热源燃烧产物和热解产物， 在CTS中发现，来自水烟的保湿剂和调味剂。与CTS研究相比，WTS分析 其毒性尚处于早期阶段。最有效的计划是应用成功相关的最佳实践 领域的空气质量研究结果是目前被忽视的联系。空气质量研究得出结论 证明PM2.5和超细（UF）颗粒物是EPA和WHO规定的健康危害， 保护公众健康的场所。因此，与其假设化学毒物是唯一的途径， WTS危害，建议研究包括物理和毒理表征，以确定水管 产生WTS配置文件的配置和吸烟制度，由于数量和 存在的颗粒的大小，以及由于化学物质引起的损坏而无法进行目标分析的颗粒的大小。 混合物.环境烟草烟雾（ETS）在水管咖啡馆和主流烟雾肯定 PM2.5和UFP浓度很高，但由于当前监管政策的漏洞而渗透出去， 缺乏直接研究。拟议的项目将把WTS描述为一种可能有害的颗粒物集合， 由于其物理特性，健康提供证据，政策可能会连接空气质量和WTS 规定由于颗粒形成受水管配置的影响，因此， 当管道高度、木炭与非木炭热源、水烟和软管长度以及 将确定不同的材料，根据空气质量通知水管配置的规定 指标.这些数据将表明哪些配置需要系统表征， 吸烟制度的变化。平行研究将确定产生的WTS的相对细胞毒性 通过不同的水管配置和吸烟制度。这些调查将通过以下方式推动该领域的发展： 使用整个烟雾，而不是单独再悬浮的冷凝物或蒸气，以及作为极片生长的肺细胞 并在气液界面处暴露于烟雾，从而增加生理相关性。细胞毒性 数据将根据WTS物理或化学造成的危害，确定需要监管的配置 特色虽然这两种调查方法都提供了重要的数据，以了解 WTS和管道配置的可调节方面，可以减少危害，它们还允许识别管道 WTS配置文件作为物理毒物的配置，以及化学成分表征 因此，仅有效地针对那些表明具有化学毒性的概况。

Epidemiological studies indicate waterpipe use has risen to the level of a ‘global epidemic’. New and long-time smokers have misconceptions regarding the filtration ability of the pipe’s bowl liquid and toxicity of components drawn into the lungs. Cigarette tobacco smoke (CTS) research has identified a large library of harmful components that may be found in the tobacco pyrolysis products of waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS). WTS is made more complex because it includes charcoal heat source combustion products and pyrolysis products, not found in CTS, from the shisha’s humectants and flavorants. Compared with CTS research, analysis of WTS and its toxicity is in the early stages. The most effective plan is to apply best practices from successful related fields. Air quality research findings are a currently overlooked connection. Air quality research has conclusively demonstrated that PM2.5 and Ultrafine (UF) particulate are a health hazard with EPA and WHO regulations in place to protect the public health. Therefore, instead of assuming that chemical toxicants are the only route to WTS harm, the proposed research includes physical and toxicological characterization to identify waterpipe configurations and smoking regimes that generate WTS profiles causing negative impacts due the number and size of the particles present, as well as those warranting targeted analysis due to damage caused by chemical composition. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) in a waterpipe café and mainstream smoke certainly contain high concentrations of PM2.5 and UFP but seep through the cracks of current regulatory policy due to lack of direct study. The proposed project will characterize WTS as a collection of particulates that may harm health due to its physical characteristics to provide evidence by which policy might connect air quality and WTS regulations. Because particulate formation is affected by waterpipe configuration, the physical properties of particles generated when pipe height, charcoal vs. non-charcoal heat source, shisha and hose length and material are varied will be determined, informing regulation of waterpipe configuration based on air quality metrics. These data will indicate which configurations warrant systematic characterization as a function of variations in smoking regimes. Parallel investigations will determine the relative cytotoxicity of WTS generated by the different waterpipe configurations and smoking regimes. These investigations will advance the field by using whole smoke, not resuspended condensate or vapor separately, and lung cells grown as polar sheets and exposed to smoke at the air-liquid interface, thereby increasing physiological relevance. The cytotoxicity data will identify configurations requiring regulation based on harm caused by WTS physical or chemical characteristics. While both lines of investigation provide data important to understanding the health impacts of WTS and regulatable aspects of pipe configuration that can reduce harm, they also allow recognition of pipe configurations where WTS profiles are acting as physical toxicants, and chemical composition characterization is thus efficiently targeted only for those profiles where chemical toxicity is indicated.