Sensory contributions to autism spectrum disorders and links to social responsiveness

感觉对自闭症谱系障碍的贡献以及与社会反应的联系

• 批准号: 9335724
• 负责人: Lauren Bryant
• 金额: $ 2.87万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9335724
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Auditory; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Complex; DSM-V; Detection; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Early Diagnosis; Effectiveness; Empirical Research; Exhibits; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Influentials; Intervention; Link; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modality; Parents; Perception; Plant Roots; Psychophysics; Reporting; Sensory; Sensory Process; Signal Transduction; Social Interaction; Somatosensory Cortex; Source; Speed; Stimulus; Symptoms; Tactile; Touch sensation; Training; Visual Acuity; autism spectrum disorder; base; behavioral response; blood oxygen level dependent; clinical diagnostics; design; early detection biomarkers; experience; experimental study; improved; infancy; insight; multisensory; neuroimaging; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; sensory input; sensory stimulus; social; sound; vision development

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Differences in response to sensory input have long been observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are now included among the clinical diagnostic criteria for ASD. Although hyper- responsiveness to sensory stimuli has been emphasized in autobiographical accounts of ASD, empirical research suggests hypo-responsiveness better distinguishes ASD from both typical development and other developmental disabilities, and is more strongly associated with other ASD symptoms. The overarching goal of this proposal is to better understand atypical sensory processing as it relates to the social, behavioral, and communicative symptoms that characterize ASD. Because of the relatively slow development of visual acuity, sound and touch mediate a large proportion of early social interactions and experiences. These socially relevant auditory-tactile interactions rooted in infancy continue throughout development. For this reason, it is important to consider how audio-tactile processing might be affected in ASD and how changes in auditory and tactile function may relate to autism symptoms. The study of multisensory processing in the typical brain has established that combining signals from more than one sense can enhance the speed and accuracy of behavioral responses. Further, this enhancement is greatest when the individual signals being combined are weak or ambiguous. This latter concept, known as "inverse effectiveness", could prove influential for the study and treatment of atypical sensory responsiveness in autism. This project aims to describe the perceptual and neural basis of auditory, tactile and audio-tactile (multisensory) responses in children with ASD and typically developing children using rigorous psychophysical methods and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesize that hypo-responsiveness to sound and touch will be associated with enhanced audio-tactile effects in ASD. If supported, these findings could have profound implications for the design of future interventions using sensory training. Furthermore, identifying brain regions which may contribute to altered sensory responsiveness could serve as biomarkers for early detection and as potential targets for the successful remediation of sensory related issues.

 描述（由申请人提供）：长期以来，在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者中观察到对感觉输入的反应差异，现在已被纳入ASD的临床诊断标准。虽然在ASD的自传体描述中强调了对感觉刺激的高反应性，但实证研究表明低反应性更好地将ASD与典型发育和其他发育障碍区分开来，并且与其他ASD症状更密切相关。该提案的总体目标是更好地理解非典型感觉处理，因为它与ASD的社会，行为和沟通症状有关。由于视觉敏锐度的发展相对缓慢，声音和触觉在早期社会交往和经验中占很大比例。这些与社会相关的触觉互动 根植于婴儿期，贯穿整个发育过程。出于这个原因，重要的是要考虑听觉触觉处理可能会受到ASD的影响，以及听觉和触觉功能的变化如何与自闭症症状相关。对典型大脑中多感觉处理的研究已经证实，将来自多个感觉的信号结合起来可以提高行为反应的速度和准确性。此外，当被组合的各个信号是弱的或模糊的时，这种增强是最大的。后一个概念，被称为“反向效应”，可能会被证明对自闭症非典型感觉反应的研究和治疗有影响。该项目旨在描述听觉，触觉和听觉触觉（多感官）反应的感知和神经基础的ASD儿童和典型的发展中儿童使用严格的心理物理方法和功能磁共振成像。我们推测，对声音和触觉的低反应性将与ASD中增强的听觉触觉效应相关。如果得到支持，这些发现可能对未来使用感觉训练的干预措施的设计产生深远的影响。此外，识别可能有助于改变感觉反应的大脑区域可以作为早期检测的生物标志物，并作为成功修复感觉相关问题的潜在目标。