Real-time prediction of marijuana use & effects of use on cognition in the natural environment

摘要 一些年轻的成年大麻(MJ)使用者报告说，MJ的使用对认知产生了负面影响，每天都会产生影响 有负面后果，如在受影响的情况下驾驶造成的伤害和死亡 迈克尔·乔丹。然而，关于MJ使用对认知的影响的研究得出了褒贬不一的结果。MJ效应对 认知可能取决于一些因素，如历史和目前的大麻使用严重程度，自上次MJ使用以来的时间 (包括可能的MJ退出影响)，以及性别。此R21旨在解决现有的 研究：(1)开始开发一种算法，使用智能手机数据预测正常/重度MJ的MJ使用情况 (2)考察MJ使用对智能手机认知的影响-- 在自然环境中进行认知测试。开发一种预测MJ使用的算法将 通过更有效地安排时间安排，促进对MJ对认知功能影响的系统评估 对经常/重度MJ使用者的智能手机认知测试与日常生活的关系。认知测试，由 智能手机在自然环境中是一种创新的方法，已经显示出有效性，并允许采样 与MJ使用有关的几天内和跨天的认知功能。该项目将招收非待遇 从社区中寻找年轻的成年(18-25岁)MJ用户，代表“低”、“正常”和“重”的MJ 使用，每个级别使用50%的女性。参与者将完成30天的基准实验室评估 使用智能手机和可穿戴设备(例如，腕带)收集信息，并接受汇报采访。试飞将会 优化协议和方法以确保合规性。智能手机将收集连续感测的数据(例如， 地理位置)，用于输入算法以预测经常/重度MJ用户的MJ使用情况。这款R21将识别哪个 通过智能手机可以获得的数据类型，在以下几个方面提供了对MJ使用的例程的最佳检测 普通用户/重度用户。智能手机认知测试将在急性MJ期间的不同时间进行 中毒和不同自然发生的MJ戒断时间长度，以检查MJ使用对 日常生活中认知功能的精选方面。开发一种用于预测MJ使用的算法 例如，基于智能手机数据的经常/重度MJ用户可以促进对MJ的实时评估 MJ急性和非急性效应中认知抽样的改进对认知的影响 使用。这款R21将为旨在研究MJ对认知的影响的研究计划提供基础 在体内发挥作用，并可支持及时干预的发展，以减少MJ的使用。这款R21 符合NIDA确定药物使用后果的战略目标，以及 强调研究与现实世界的相关性，并利用移动卫生技术减少药物使用。

ABSTRACT Some young adult marijuana (MJ) users report adverse effects of MJ use on cognition that impact daily functioning, with negative consequences such as injury and fatality due to driving while under the influence of MJ. Research on the effects of MJ use on cognition, however, has produced mixed findings. MJ effects on cognition may depend on factors such as history and current severity of marijuana use, time since last MJ use (including possible MJ withdrawal effects), and gender. This R21 aims to address limitations of existing research by (1) starting to develop an algorithm to predict MJ use using smartphone data in regular/heavy MJ users based on “routine” or “habitual use”, and (2) examining effects of MJ use on cognition using smartphone- based cognitive testing in the natural environment. Development of an algorithm to predict MJ use would facilitate systematic assessment of MJ effects on cognitive functioning through more efficient scheduling of smartphone cognitive testing among regular/heavy MJ users in relation to daily routines. Cognitive testing by smartphone in the natural environment is an innovative method that has shown validity, and permits sampling of cognitive functioning within and across days in relation to MJ use. This project will enroll non-treatment seeking young adult (ages 18-25) MJ users from the community, representing “low”, “regular”, and “heavy” MJ use, with 50% female at each level of use. Participants will complete a baseline lab assessment, 30-day data collection using smartphone and wearable devices (e.g., wristband), and a debriefing interview. Piloting will optimize the protocol and methods for compliance. Smartphones will collect continuously sensed data (e.g., geolocation) for input to an algorithm to predict MJ use in regular/heavy MJ users. This R21 will identify which types of data, available through smartphone, provide optimal detection of routines in MJ use among regular/heavy users. Smartphone cognitive testing will be administered at various times during acute MJ intoxication and various naturalistically occurring lengths of MJ abstinence to examine effects of MJ use on selected aspects of cognitive functioning in daily life. Development of an algorithm to predict MJ use in regular/heavy MJ users based on smartphone data could, for example, facilitate real-time assessment of MJ effects on cognition through improved sampling of cognition in relation to acute and non-acute effects of MJ use. This R21 will provide the foundation for a research program that aims to examine MJ effects on cognitive functioning in vivo, and could support the development of just-in-time intervention to reduce MJ use. This R21 aligns with NIDA's strategic goal of determining consequences of drug use, and cross-cutting themes of highlighting real-world relevance of research and leveraging mobile health technologies to reduce drug use.