Age Effects in Self-Reports: Answering Questions and Using Response Scales

自我报告中的年龄影响：回答问题和使用反应量表

• 批准号: 9552373
• 负责人: Arthur A Stone
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9552373
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Aging; Attenuated; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Cognitive; Collection; Data; Data Collection; Evaluation; Event; Fatigue; Government; Health; Heterogeneity; Individual; Internet; Interview; Judgment; Laboratories; Lead; Length; Life; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Medical Research; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Pain; Patient Self-Report; Policies; Population; Psychophysics; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Technics; Respondent; Series; Standardization; Survey Methodology; Surveys; Testing; Time; Voice; age difference; age effect; age related; base; design; experience; health difference; improved; innovation; interest; public health relevance; response; satisfaction; sensory stimulus; social science research

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The collection of self-reported survey data for people of all ages is central for monitoring the health and wellbeing of the population. For some experiences, people's self-reports are the only way to acquire the information, e.g., pain, fatigue, and life satisfaction. Given the importance of self-reports, they need to be measured as precisely as possible. There are many considerations for obtaining accurate and comparable self-reports. We examine several factors that are likely to vary by age and influence respondents' interpretations of survey questions and their use of response scales. Such factors could lead to erroneous conclusions about aging and health. A series of five studies, utilizing a range of research techniques from laboratory-based methods to repeated, real-time data collection to Internet panel surveys, is proposed. They will examine age-specific effects (1) in frame-of-reference (the comparison standards people use in making ratings), (2) in the impact of prior questions on responses (context effects), (3) in the effect of recall period on responses (where longer recall periods may be associated with more bias), and (4) in the use of response scales (e.g., tendency to avoid extreme responses). Based on the results of prior studies, the last study will explore ways to improve self- report measurement. Overall, the aim of this application is to identify factors that could impede our ability to understand age-related differences in health and wellbeing, and to develop ways to mitigate those problems.

描述（由申请人提供）：收集所有年龄段的人自我报告的调查数据对于监测人口的健康和福祉至关重要。对于某些经历，人们的自我报告是获取信息的唯一途径，例如疼痛、疲劳和生活满意度。考虑到自我报告的重要性，需要尽可能精确地衡量它们。要获得准确和可比的自我报告，需要考虑许多因素。我们研究了几个可能因年龄而异的因素，并影响受访者对调查问题的解释和他们对反应量表的使用。这些因素可能导致关于衰老和健康的错误结论。本文提出了一系列五项研究，利用一系列研究技术，从基于实验室的方法到重复的实时数据收集，再到互联网小组调查。他们将研究年龄特定的影响(1)参考框架（人们在打分时使用的比较标准），(2)先前问题对反应的影响（情境效应），(3)回忆期对反应的影响（更长的回忆期可能与更多的偏见有关），以及(4)反应量表的使用（例如，倾向于避免极端反应）。最后，本研究将在先前研究结果的基础上，探讨改善自我报告测量的方法。总的来说，这个应用程序的目的是找出可能阻碍我们理解与年龄相关的健康和幸福差异的因素，并找到缓解这些问题的方法。