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Neural mechanisms of probability estimation during decision-making

决策过程中概率估计的神经机制

基本信息

批准号：
9353881
负责人：
Christine Marie Constantinople
金额：
$ 13.01万
依托单位：
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-16 至 2018-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9353881
关键词：
Address Animals Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Paradigm Bipolar Disorder Brain Brain region Choice Behavior Cognitive Collaborations Cues Data Data Set Decision Making Development Environment Evaluation Event Exhibits Female Foundations Frequencies Gambling Goals Head Health Human Image Imaging Techniques Impairment Individual Institutes Insurance Laboratories Leadership Learning Light Mental Health Mental disorders Mentors Methods Modeling Monitor Neurons Neurosciences Noise Outcome Overweight Parietal Lobe Pharmacology Phase Play Population Population Dynamics Positioning Attribute Probability Procedures Psychophysics Rattus Research Resolution Rewards Risk Schizophrenia Side Statistical Data Interpretation Statistical Models Study models System Techniques Testing Time Training Transgenic Organisms Underweight Visual Cortex Water Work Writing base calcium indicator cognitive function collaborative environment cost effective experimental study high dimensionality imaging system improved innovation male neural circuit neuromechanism novel optogenetics relating to nervous system restraint skills symposium tool two-photon

项目摘要

Behavioral economics has described many ways in which choice deviates from normative (i.e., optimal) behavior. For example, a pervasive feature of human decision-making is probability distortion: humans tend to overweight small probabilities and underweight large probabilities. When individuals decide to purchase insurance or play the lottery, these decisions are influenced by how likely they perceive low probability outcomes to be. Another ubiquitous decision bias is called the "Hot-Hand Fallacy"S in which people mistakenly perceive random successes as winning streaks, believing that they have a "hot hand." These near universal phenomena may reflect fundamental aspects of the neural substrates of decision-making. Decision-making is disrupted in psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder9-14. A circuit-level understanding of how the brain represents probabilisties during decision-making has great consequences for human health. I have recently used high-throughput behavioral training to develop behavioral paradigms for studying probability distortion in rats, enabling application of powerful tools to monitor and manipulate neural circuits. In this task, rats chose between probabilistic and guaranteed rewards. I have performed tetrode recordings from two brain regions during this behavior, posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and orbitofrontal cortex. I performed optogenetic perturbations of these regions, and while these did not perturb rats' probability distortion, they produced an intriguing effect. Rats exhibited a "Hot-Hand Bias," in which they were more likely to gamble following risky choices that were rewarded. Optogenetic inhibition of OFC eliminated the hot-hand bias in 13 rats; inhibition of PPC had no effect on the hot-hand bias. Therefore, thus far, we have identified a brain region, the OFC, as causal to a ubiquitous decision bias that demonstrably affects human behavior in finance, gambling, and professional sports. I am in the process of preparing and submitting two manuscripts about this work so far. I have been trained in all of the techniques required to complete the R00 phase of the award. In the R00 phase, I will perform optogenetic and pharmacological perturbation experiments to delineate the functional causal circuits underlying probability distortion. I will also use projection-specific optogenetic and recording methods to explore whether specific subcircuits of neurons in OFC are preferentially responsible for mediating the hot-hand bias. Together, these experiments will establish the rat as a cost-effective, tractable mammalian model for studying the neural basis of decision biases and will produce well-informed working models of the circuits and mechanisms by which animals compute, represent, and distort probability estimates. I have secured a tenure-track position as an Assistant Professor in the Center for Neural Science at New York University. In 00 phase, I will use the skills I have acquired during the K99 phase to complete the proposed aims and build a laboratory focused on the study

行为经济学描述了选择偏离规范（即最优）行为的许多方式。例如，人类决策的一个普遍特征是概率扭曲：人类倾向于高估小概率，低估大概率。当个人决定购买保险或购买彩票时，这些决定受到他们认为低概率结果的可能性的影响。另一种普遍存在的决策偏差被称为“热手谬误”，即人们错误地将随机的成功视为连胜，认为自己有“热手”。这些近乎普遍的现象可能反映了决策的神经基质的基本方面。包括精神分裂症和双相情感障碍在内的精神疾病患者的决策被打乱了9-14。对大脑在决策过程中如何表示概率的电路级理解对人类健康有重大影响。