Binocular integration in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus

项目总结/摘要 人类，像所有的灵长类动物一样，使用双眼串联计算视觉世界的感知解释。 然而，双眼视觉往往会失败，导致一些最常见的视觉障碍，如弱视， 斜视、复视或立体盲。总体而言，双眼视觉缺陷影响约10-20%的人口， 相关问题通常很棘手。解开双眼视觉的神经回路 整合，这是本项目的目标，是开发新的和有效的， 积极的治疗方法。在这里，我们将填补我们目前关于大脑位置的知识中的一个紧迫空白， 以及支持两只眼睛的视网膜输出之间的眼间相互作用（串扰）的机制。它 目前还不清楚两只眼睛的信号是首先在皮层相遇，还是已经在皮层下相互作用。而 在麻醉的猫中收集的一些数据指出在THA内两只眼睛的信号之间的早期串扰， lamic继电器，其他数据表明，情况并非如此。这笔赠款的目的是解决不确定性- 这两种可能性之间。我们将解决的问题是否有串扰之间的 两个单眼通道之前的水平V1使用创新的，综合的方法，结合了模拟， 皮多电极阵列记录与靶向神经药理学和光遗传学干预。 我们将回答两个基本问题。首先，我们将确定M、P和K的双目度 LGN的神经元。我们将使用LGN记录结合细胞类型特异性光遗传学来这样做， 清醒的猕猴在双眼刺激过程中面临不同的对比度水平。作为第二步，我们 将通过可逆地使V1失活来消除对LGN的反馈。使用层流阵列，我们将确定 LGN中的残余活性以及失活皮质中的电流，其提供了LGN的测量 前馈输入到V1。所有实验的结果将最终确定各自的 灵长类LGN和V1在双眼整合中的作用，这对我们的一般理解具有重要意义。 灵长类动物的视觉和相关的临床意义。如果不解决这些问题，双目- 较大视力将是不完整或不准确的，这将阻碍用于矫正结合障碍的医学进展， 眼睛的视力，如弱视和立体盲，这共同影响每十个人之一， 国际吧

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Humans, like all primates, use both eyes in tandem to compute a perceptual interpretation of the visual world. However, binocular vision often fails, causing some of the most common visual disorders such as amblyopia, strabismus, diplopia or stereoblindness. Collectively, binocular visual deficits affect ~10-20% of the population, and the associated problems are generally intractable. Unraveling the neural circuitry that performs binocular integration, which is the goal of the present project, is a critical stepping-stone for developing novel and effec- tive therapeutic approaches. Here, we will fill a pressing gap in our current knowledge about the brain locations and mechanisms that support interocular interactions (cross-talk) between the retinal output of the two eyes. It is still unclear whether the two eyes' signals first meet in the cortex or already interact subcortically. While some data collected in anesthetized cats point to early cross-talk between the two eyes' signals within the tha- lamic relay, other data suggest that this is not the case. The goal of this grant is to resolve the uncertainty be- tween these two alternative possibilities. We will address the question whether there is cross-talk between the two monocular channels before the level of V1 using an innovative, integrative approach that combines simul- taneous multi-electrode array recordings with targeted neuropharmacological and optogenetic interventions. We will answer two fundamental questions. First, we will determine the degree of binocularity of M, P and K neurons in the LGN. We will do so using LGN recordings combined with cell-type specific optogenetics in awake macaques confronted with varying contrast levels during binocular stimulation. As a second step, we will eliminate feedback to the LGN by reversibly inactivating V1. Using laminar arrays, we will determine the residual activity in LGN as well as the current flow in inactivated cortex, which provides a measure of LGN feedforward inputs to V1. The outcome of all experiments combined will conclusively determine the respective roles of primate LGN and V1 for binocular integration, which is of great significance for our general understand- ing of primate vision and associated clinical implications. Without resolving these questions, models of binocu- lar vision will be incomplete or inaccurate, which will hamper medical progress for correcting disorder of bin- ocular vision, such as amblyopia and stereoblindness, which collectively affect one out of every ten people worldwide.