Binocular integration in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus

灵长类外侧膝状核中的双眼整合

• 批准号: 9218118
• 负责人: Alexander Vinzenz Maier
• 金额: $ 37.29万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-03-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9218118
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alpha Cell; Amblyopia; Back; Binocular Vision; Binocular Vision Disorder; Biological Assay; Brain; Cells; Clinical; Communication; Data; Dependence; Diplopia; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Eye; Feedback; Felis catus; Fire - disasters; Goals; Grant; Human; Intervention; Killer Cells; Knowledge; Lateral Geniculate Body; Location; M cell; Macaca; Measures; Medical; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurons; Outcome; Output; Pathway interactions; Perception; Population; Primates; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Residual state; Retinal; Role; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Strabismus; Structure; Support System; Synapses; Testing; Textbooks; Thalamic structure; Time; Treatment Efficacy; Tweens; Uncertainty; V1 neuron; Vision; Vision Disorders; Visual; Visual Perception; Visual system structure; awake; base; cell type; experience; experimental study; improved; innovation; monocular; multi-electrode arrays; neural circuit; neural model; neuronal circuitry; neurophysiology; novel; optogenetics; response; sensory input; visual processing

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Humans, like all primates, use both eyes in tandem to compute a perceptual interpretation of the visual world. However, binocular vision often fails, causing some of the most common visual disorders such as amblyopia, strabismus, diplopia or stereoblindness. Collectively, binocular visual deficits affect ~10-20% of the population, and the associated problems are generally intractable. Unraveling the neural circuitry that performs binocular integration, which is the goal of the present project, is a critical stepping-stone for developing novel and effec- tive therapeutic approaches. Here, we will fill a pressing gap in our current knowledge about the brain locations and mechanisms that support interocular interactions (cross-talk) between the retinal output of the two eyes. It is still unclear whether the two eyes' signals first meet in the cortex or already interact subcortically. While some data collected in anesthetized cats point to early cross-talk between the two eyes' signals within the tha- lamic relay, other data suggest that this is not the case. The goal of this grant is to resolve the uncertainty be- tween these two alternative possibilities. We will address the question whether there is cross-talk between the two monocular channels before the level of V1 using an innovative, integrative approach that combines simul- taneous multi-electrode array recordings with targeted neuropharmacological and optogenetic interventions. We will answer two fundamental questions. First, we will determine the degree of binocularity of M, P and K neurons in the LGN. We will do so using LGN recordings combined with cell-type specific optogenetics in awake macaques confronted with varying contrast levels during binocular stimulation. As a second step, we will eliminate feedback to the LGN by reversibly inactivating V1. Using laminar arrays, we will determine the residual activity in LGN as well as the current flow in inactivated cortex, which provides a measure of LGN feedforward inputs to V1. The outcome of all experiments combined will conclusively determine the respective roles of primate LGN and V1 for binocular integration, which is of great significance for our general understand- ing of primate vision and associated clinical implications. Without resolving these questions, models of binocu- lar vision will be incomplete or inaccurate, which will hamper medical progress for correcting disorder of bin- ocular vision, such as amblyopia and stereoblindness, which collectively affect one out of every ten people worldwide.

项目摘要/摘要 像所有灵长类动物一样，人类都使用双眼来计算对视觉世界的感知解释。 但是，双眼视力通常会失败，导致一些最常见的视觉障碍，例如弱视， 斜视，复视或立体杂交。总体而言，双眼视觉缺陷影响约10-20％的人口， 相关的问题通常是棘手的。揭开执行双目的神经回路 集成是本项目的目标，是开发新颖和效率的关键垫脚石 治疗方法。在这里，我们将在当前有关大脑位置的知识中填补紧迫的空白 以及支持两只眼睛的视网膜输出之间的眼内相互作用（串扰）的机制。它 尚不清楚两只眼睛的信号是在皮层中首次相遇还是在下皮层相互作用。尽管 在麻醉猫中收集的一些数据指向两只眼睛信号之间的早期串扰。 LAMIC继电器，其他数据表明事实并非如此。这笔赠款的目的是解决不确定性 - 补间这两个替代可能性。我们将解决一个问题 V1级别之前的两个单眼通道，使用创新的，集成的方法结合了模拟 具有靶向神经药物和光遗传学干预措施的纹理多电极阵列记录。 我们将回答两个基本问题。首先，我们将确定M，P和K的双向程度 LGN中的神经元。我们将使用LGN记录与细胞类型的特定光遗传学合并 在双眼刺激期间，醒着的猕猴面临不同的对比度。作为第二步，我们 将通过不可逆地灭活V1来消除对LGN的反馈。使用层流阵列，我们将确定 LGN的残留活性以及灭活皮层的电流流量，该量提供了LGN的量度 进料输入到V1。所有实验结合的结果将最终确定相应 灵长类动物LGN和V1在双目整合中的作用，这对我们一般理解至关重要 - 灵长类动物视力和相关的临床意义。没有解决这些问题，binocu-的模型 Lar Vision将是不完整或不准确的，这将阻碍医疗进展，以纠正Bin- 眼视觉，例如弱视和立体杂交，它们共同影响每十个人中的一个 全世界。