The effect of an electronic cigarette (ECIG) sweetener, sucralose, on ECIG abuse liability

项目摘要/摘要 电子烟(ECIG)是一种新型的烟草产品，可以蒸发液体，通常含有 尼古丁，进入使用者吸入的气雾剂。ECig在美国越来越受欢迎，越来越多的 ECig用户报告说，频繁的日常使用表明这些产品可能有烟草烟样的滥用 责任。ECig滥用的可能性可能受到影响尼古丁传递的因素的影响，例如设备电源， 液体尼古丁浓度，以及用户吸烟行为，如吸烟次数和持续时间(即，吸烟 地形)。另一个可能影响ECIG滥用责任的因素是味道，有超过7,000个独特的 ECig液体口味在美国市场上可以买到，其中许多是甜味。不足为奇的是，许多 这些液体使用添加的甜味剂，如三氯蔗糖。感知到的甜味增加了ECIG的吸引力，因此 可能会增加ECIG滥用的责任。目前的研究有两个目的。目标1将使用多种临床滥用 责任评估以确定常见的ECIG液体甜味剂三氯蔗糖如何影响ECIG滥用 吸烟者的倾向性采用内受试者拉丁方顺序设计。参赛者将来到 临床行为精神药理学研究实验室完成五次会议，其中包括自己 品牌卷烟阳性对照和四种ECIG条件均使用30瓦ECIG，填充液体 0或6毫克/毫升尼古丁，不加糖或用三氯蔗糖加糖。将衡量滥用责任 通过累进比率任务(PRT)、改进的CPT、血液尼古丁递送和多主观状态 措施。目标2将调查甜味剂如何通过记录在 目标1.利用回放技术，目标1参与者的喷雾地形将被用来产生气溶胶 将对醛、呋喃和氯丙醇进行分析。主要假设是1)PRT 随着液态尼古丁和甜味剂的增加，断点会增加，这样参与者就会做更多的工作 对于泡芙，当使用6毫克/毫升的甜味液体时，尽管泡芙的断点最大 来自自有品牌香烟和2)三氯蔗糖会增加气雾剂有毒物质，因为热 退化和更长更大的喷雾。结果将解决影响ECIG用户依赖的因素和 健康风险，并可能告知ECIG法规。此外，目前的提案包含一项全面的 将提高申请人在临床行为药理学领域的专业知识的培训计划， 临床流行病学、药物政策和精神药理学，并将为申请者提供 有机会学习行为经济学、化学毒理学和 流行病学将是无价的，因为他们追求的职业是一名独立的、多种药物滥用的研究人员。

Project Summary/Abstract Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) are a novel class of tobacco products that vaporize a liquid, often containing nicotine, into an aerosol that users inhale. ECIG popularity is increasing in the US and the growing number of ECIG users reporting frequent, daily use suggests that these products may have tobacco cigarette-like abuse liability. ECIG abuse liability could be influenced by factors that impact nicotine delivery, such as device power, liquid nicotine concentration, and user puffing behavior such as puff number and duration (i.e., puff topography). Another factor that likely influences ECIG abuse liability is flavor, and there are over 7,000 unique ECIG liquid flavors available on the US market many of which are sweet flavors. Not surprisingly, many of these liquids use added sweeteners such as sucralose. Perceived sweetness increases ECIG appeal and thus may enhance ECIG abuse liability. The current study has two aims. Aim 1 will use multiple clinical abuse liability assessments to determine how a common ECIG liquid sweetener, sucralose, influences ECIG abuse liability in cigarette smokers using a within subjects, Latin-square order design. Participants will come to the clinical behavioral psychopharmacology research laboratory to complete five sessions that include an own brand cigarette positive control and four ECIG conditions all using a 30 Watt ECIG filled with liquid that is either 0 or 6 mg/ml nicotine and is either unsweetened or sweetened with sucralose. Abuse liability will be measure via a progressive-ratio task (PRT), modified CPT, blood nicotine delivery, and multiple subjective state measures. Aim 2 will investigate how sweeteners influence toxicant yield using puffing behaviors recorded in Aim 1. Using playback technology, puff topography for participants in Aim 1 will be used to generate aerosols that will be analyzed for aldehydes, furans, and chloropropanols. The primary hypotheses are that 1) PRT breakpoint will increase with liquid nicotine and with sweetener, such that participants will perform more work for puffs when using the 6 mg/ml, sweetened liquid, though the greatest breakpoint will be observed for puffs from own brand cigarettes and 2) that sucralose will increase aerosol toxicants as a result of thermal degradation and longer and larger puffs. Results will address factors influencing ECIG user dependence and health risks and may inform ECIG regulation. Furthermore, the current proposal contains a comprehensive training plan that will advance the applicant's expertise in the areas of clinical behavioral pharmacology, clinical epidemiology, drug policy, and psychopharmacology, and will also provide the applicant with the opportunity to learn new techniques and methodologies in behavioral economics, chemical toxicology, and epidemiology that will be invaluable as they pursue a career as an independent, poly-drug abuse researcher.