Cigarette Smoking among American Indian Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence

亲密伴侣暴力受害女性的吸烟率高达70%，这是 大约是全国女性的三倍。受IPV影响的女性更有可能 患有药物滥用、抑郁、焦虑和创伤后应激障碍--所有这些都是危险因素 因为吸烟。在经历过IPV的女性中，创伤后应激障碍的严重程度与 尼古丁依赖。美国印第安人女性，包括拉科塔部落女性，经历IPV的比例超过30% 任何其他种族的女性。此外，拉科塔部落妇女的吸烟率是 在美国最高，通常达到并超过50%。高吸烟率和早熟 拉科塔部落妇女的成长年龄伴随着心血管疾病死亡率的上升 疾病和肺癌，这是拉科塔部落妇女的主要死亡原因。尽管有很高的 拉科塔部落妇女经历的IPV和吸烟水平，还没有研究表明 探讨了这一特殊人群的IPV与吸烟行为。如果要做出重大努力来帮助IPV- 受害的拉科塔部落妇女戒烟，审查和记录相关的背景问题是至关重要的 在这一特殊人群中吸烟和IPV。因此，我们的主要研究目标是记录这些观点 关于IPV受害妇女的情况和可用于适应干预措施的战略。我们的具体目标是： 目的1.使用二次数据分析来评估IPV受害者的吸烟率及其相关性 美国印第安人女性。使用美国印第安人服务利用，精神病学流行病学，风险和 保护因素项目数据我们将进行二次数据分析，以确定患病率 吸烟及其与感染IPV的美国印第安人妇女的相关性。我们预计年内吸烟率会更高 IPV受害者的美国印第安人女性吸烟者与美国印第安人女性的一般样本进行比较。 我们预计在IPV受害者的美国印第安人女性吸烟者中，创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症的患病率更高 与美国印第安人妇女的总体样本进行比较；目的2.评估知识、态度和信仰 在拉科塔部落中关于戒烟、共生条件和戒烟障碍的问题 有过IPV经历的女性。我们将进行15次关键线人访谈和6个焦点小组， 拉科塔部落妇女，经历过IPV，以前或现在吸烟者。主要信息来源和重点 小组参与者将确定戒烟的感知障碍和推动者。创伤后应激障碍， 将讨论焦虑和其他导致吸烟和药物治疗的因素。我们预计只有几个参与者 了解戒烟的重要性和目标3。使用参与式方法将 对适应的、具有文化信息的戒烟干预的定性研究结果。使用收集到的数据 通过使用定性方法，我们将在文化上和/或情景上进一步适应一位知名的美国人 印度为受IPV侵害的拉科塔部落妇女量身定做的戒烟课程。

Smoking prevalence among intimate partner violence (IPV)-victimized women is as high as 70%, which is approximately three times greater than among women nationally. IPV-victimized women are more likely to suffer from substance use, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder --all of which are risk factors for smoking. Among women who have experienced IPV, post-traumatic stress disorder severity is related to nicotine dependence. American Indian women, including Lakota Tribal women, experience IPV 30% more than women from any other racial group. Furthermore, smoking prevalence among Lakota Tribal women is amongst the highest in the United States, commonly reaching and exceeding 50%. The high rates of smoking and early age of initiation among Lakota Tribal women are accompanied by rising rates of mortality from cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, which are leading causes of death among Lakota Tribal women. Despite the high levels of IPV and smoking experienced by Lakota Tribal women, there have been no studies that have explored IPV and smoking behavior in this special population. If significant efforts are to be made to help IPV- victimized Lakota Tribal women to quit smoking, it is vital to examine and document contextual issues related to smoking and IPV in this special population. Thus, our primary study objective is to document the viewpoints of IPV-victimized women and strategies that could be used to adapt an intervention. Our Specific Aims are to: AIM 1. Employ a secondary data analysis to assess the prevalence and correlates of smoking in IPV-victimized American Indian women. Using the American Indian Service Utilization, Psychiatric Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors Project data we will conduct a secondary data analysis to determine the prevalence of smoking and its correlates in IPV-victimized American Indian women. We expect higher smoking prevalence in IPV-victimized American Indian women smokers compared to a general sample of American Indian women. We expect higher PTSD and depression prevalence in IPV-victimized American Indian women smokers compared to a general sample of American Indian women; AIM 2. Assess knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about smoking cessation, co-occurring conditions, and perceived barriers to quitting among Lakota Tribal women who have experienced IPV. We will conduct 15 key informant interviews and six focus groups with Lakota Tribal women who have experienced IPV and are former or current smokers. Key informant and focus group participants will identify perceived barriers and promoters for quitting. Posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety and other triggers for smoking and pharmacotherapy will be discussed. We expect that few participants know about the importance of quitting smoking and AIM 3. Use a participatory approach to translate the qualitative findings into an adapted, culturally informed smoking cessation intervention. Using data collected from our use of qualitative methods, we will further culturally- and/or situationally-adapt a well-known American Indian culturally-tailored smoking cessation curriculum for IPV-victimized Lakota Tribal women.