Studying crowding as a window into object recognition and development and health of visual cortex

研究拥挤作为物体识别、视觉皮层发育和健康的窗口

• 批准号: 9884770
• 负责人: DENIS G PELLI
• 金额: $ 38.86万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-02-01 至 2022-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9884770
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Amblyopia; Area; Atlases; Biological; Brain; Brain Mapping; Bypass; Child; Clinical; Collaborations; Complex; Computer Models; Computers; Crowding; Data; Development; Disease; Dyslexia; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health; Human; Human Characteristics; Image; Immunity; Impairment; Intervention; Italy; Joints; Learning; Letters; Light; Location; Machine Learning; Magic; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Neurosciences; Noise; Nose; Occipital lobe; Optometry; Participant; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Physiological; Population Heterogeneity; Postdoctoral Fellow; Property; Psychophysics; Public Health; Radial; Reading; Rest; Risk; Rome; Scientist; Speed; Stereotyping; Stimulus Deprivation-Induced Amblyopia; Surface; Testing; Vision; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; Work; assault; cerebral atrophy; clinical application; convolutional neural network; crowdsourcing; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; fovea centralis; imager; literate; object recognition; physiologic model; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research clinical testing; sample fixation; screening; vision development

ABSTRACT Our long-term goal is to understand how the human brain recognizes objects. This 3-year project will characterize the computational kernel (computation that is applied independently to many parts of the image data) that is isolated by crowding experiments. We present the discovery that recognition of simple objects is performed by recognition units implementing the same computation at every eccentricity. These units are dense in the fovea and thus hard to isolate there, but they are sparse in the periphery, and easily isolated. Our fMRI & psychophysics pilot data show that each of these units, at every eccentricity, has a circular receptive field with a radius of 2.6±1.5 mm (mean±SD) in human cortical area hV4. Because of cortical magnification, that 2.6 mm corresponds to a tiny 0.05 deg in the fovea, but grows linearly with eccentricity, to a comfortable 3 deg at 10 deg eccentricity. We test this idea by pursuing its implications physiologically (Aim 1), clinically (Aim 2), and psychophysically and computationally (Aim 3). Aim 1. Better noninvasive measures for the health and development of visual cortex are needed. Conservation of crowding distance (in mm) in a particular cortical area (hV4) would validate crowding distance as a quick, noninvasive measure of that area's condition. Aim 2. Huge public interventions seek to help dyslexic children read faster and identify amblyopic children sooner. It would be valuable to know whether crowding contributes to reading problems and provides a basis for effective screening for dyslexia and amblyopia, as it can be measured before children learn to read. Aim 3. Documenting conservation of efficiency gives evidence that the same universal computation recognizes objects at every eccentricity. We are testing the first computational model of object recognition that accounts for many human characteristics of simple-object recognition. The new work extends to effect of receptive field size and learning.

摘要 我们的长期目标是了解人类大脑如何识别物体。这3年 项目将描述计算内核（独立应用于 图像数据的许多部分）。我们提出的发现 简单对象的识别由实现简单对象的识别单元来执行 计算在每一个偏心。这些单位在中央凹中密集，因此难以在那里分离， 但是在外围比较稀疏，容易被孤立。我们的功能磁共振成像和心理物理学试验数据显示 这些单位中的每一个，在每个偏心率，具有半径为2.6±1.5的圆形感受野 mm（平均值±SD）。因为皮质放大，那2.6毫米 对应于小凹中微小的0.05度，但随着偏心率线性增长，到舒适的3 10度偏心。我们通过追求其生理学意义来测试这一想法（目标1）， 临床上（目标2），精神病学和计算（目标3）。 目标1。更好的非侵入性措施的健康和发展的视觉皮层是 needed.在特定皮质区（hV4）中拥挤距离（mm）的守恒将验证 拥挤距离作为一个快速，非侵入性的措施，该地区的条件。目标二。巨额公共 干预措施旨在帮助有阅读障碍的儿童更快地阅读，并更快地识别弱视儿童。它 了解拥挤是否会导致阅读问题，并提供一个基础， 有效筛查阅读障碍和弱视，因为它可以在儿童学习之前测量。 read.目标3。效率守恒的文献证明， 计算可以识别出每一个偏心率的物体。我们正在测试第一个计算模型， 对象识别，占了人类对简单对象识别的许多特点。的 新的工作扩展到感受野大小和学习的影响。

项目成果

Grouping Effects on Foveal Spatial Interactions in Children.

儿童中心凹空间相互作用的分组效应。

• DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.23
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Waugh,SarahJ;Formankiewicz,MonikaA
• 通讯作者: Formankiewicz,MonikaA

An auditory-visual tradeoff in susceptibility to clutter.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00328-0
• 发表时间: 2021-12-07
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Zhang M;Denison RN;Pelli DG;Le TTC;Ihlefeld A
• 通讯作者: Ihlefeld A

Symptom-led staging for primary progressive aphasia.

原发性进行性失语症的症状主导分期。

• DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.23286972
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
• 作者: Hardy,ChrisJd;Taylor-Rubin,Cathleen;Taylor,Beatrice;Harding,Emma;Gonzalez,AidaSuarez;Jiang,Jessica;Thompson,Laura;Kingma,Rachel;Chokesuwattanaskul,Anthipa;Walker,Ffion;Barker,Suzie;Brotherhood,Emilie;Waddington,Claire;Wood,Oli
• 通讯作者: Wood,Oli