Cancer Prevention through Dietary Change: Training in translational neuroimaging

通过饮食改变预防癌症：转化神经影像学培训

• 批准号: 9756118
• 负责人: Danielle Cosme
• 金额: $ 3.95万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2020-03-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9756118
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Affective; American; Behavior; Cancer Control; Cancer Intervention; Code; Cognitive; Consumption; Cues; Data; Desire for food; Development; Diet; Eating; Eating Behavior; Exhibits; Food; Funding; Gene Expression Profile; Goals; Health Promotion; Individual; Individual Differences; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Learning; Longitudinal Studies; Machine Learning; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Neurobiology; Obesity; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Overweight; Participant; Pattern; Prevalence; Process; Randomized; Reproducibility; Research Personnel; Research Training; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Specificity; Stimulus; Techniques; Testing; Training; Treatment Efficacy; Validation; Weight Gain; Work; adult obesity; base; behavior measurement; cancer prevention; cancer risk; carcinogenicity; cognitive reappraisal; control trial; cost; craving; design; effective intervention; experience; food craving; increased appetite; indexing; intervention effect; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; novel; obesity risk; open source; parent grant; post intervention; predictive test; psychologic; relating to nervous system; therapy design; tool; translational neuroscience

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Unhealthy eating increases the risk of developing several kinds of cancer. This occurs directly through consumption of carcinogenic food, and indirectly through overweight and obesity. Because nearly 70% of American adults are overweight or obese, it is critical to develop effective interventions to alter eating behavior. One key factor that influences eating behavior and weight gain is cue-induced food craving. Craving stimulates appetitive motivation to eat, but can be regulated via cognitive strategies such as reappraisal, or the reconstrual of a stimulus to change its affective meaning. Reappraisal increases the salience of consumption- related costs and reduces food craving for unhealthy food. Craving reappraisal is therefore a promising target for interventions designed to reduce unhealthy eating and risk for diet-related cancers. However, individual differences in treatment efficacy remain a persistent problem with interventions. To understand why an intervention works for some individuals and not for others requires clearly defined neurobiological mechanisms of change, as well as sensitive and specific tools to evaluate individual differences in psychological targets. To fill this gap, the goal of this project is to leverage machine learning and multivariate neuroimaging methods to develop and validate a sensitive and specific neural signature of craving reappraisal that can be used as a neurobiological index of craving reappraisal ability. To achieve this goal, this project will pursue the following Aims: 1) develop and validate a neural signature of craving reappraisal in an independent sample of existing data, and 2) establish the predictive and incremental validity the neural signature in the context of an ongoing randomized control trial of cognitive reappraisal training to reduce unhealthy eating in overweight and obese adults. Specifically, after development, I will test the construct validity of the neural signature by assessing whether expression of the signature is greater while participants reappraise their desire for craved food than while they simply view these foods (Aim 1). I will also test the predictive and incremental validity of the neural signature by assessing the extent to which individual differences the neural signature change predict intervention outcomes, such as the value of unhealthy food and eating behavior, above and beyond standard methods (Aim 2). Upon completion of this project, I will have developed and validated a sensitive and specific neurobiological index of craving reappraisal ability that can be readily used by other researchers to evaluate intervention efficacy and individual differences in responsivity to treatment. I will also receive in-depth training in translational neuroscience interventions for cancer control, and multivariate neuroimaging and machine learning. This work will facilitate the refinement of reappraisal-based interventions to reduce unhealthy eating that will ultimately reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity and risk for diet-related cancers. Further, by documenting my analysis process and sharing my analysis code, the results of this work can readily be adopted by others to study a variety of psychological processes relevant to eating behavior and cancer risk.

项目摘要/摘要 不健康的饮食会增加患多种癌症的风险。这直接通过 食用致癌食物，并间接通过超重和肥胖。因为近70%的 美国成年人超重或肥胖，制定有效的干预措施来改变饮食行为至关重要。 影响进食行为和体重增加的一个关键因素是暗示诱导的食物渴望。渴望刺激 食欲动机，但可以通过认知策略来调节，如重新评估，或 对刺激的重新解释以改变其情感意义。重新评估增加了消费的显着性-- 降低相关成本，减少人们对不健康食物的渴望。因此，渴望重新评估是一个有希望的目标。 用于旨在减少不健康饮食和饮食相关癌症风险的干预措施。然而，个人 治疗效果的差异仍然是干预措施的一个长期问题。要了解为什么 干预对某些人有效，而对其他人无效，需要明确定义的神经生物学机制 变化的影响，以及评估心理目标的个体差异的敏感和具体的工具。至 填补这一空白，该项目的目标是利用机器学习和多元神经成像方法 开发和验证敏感和特定的渴望重新评估的神经特征，可用作 渴望复评能力的神经生物学指标。为了实现这一目标，本项目将开展以下工作 目的：1)在一个独立的样本中开发和验证渴望重新评估的神经特征 数据，以及2)在正在进行的上下文中建立神经签名的预测性和增量式有效性 认知再评价训练减少超重肥胖者不良饮食的随机对照试验 成年人。具体地说，在开发之后，我将通过评估来检验神经签名的结构效度 当参与者重新评估他们对渴望的食物的渴望时，签名的表达是否大于 而他们只是简单地看这些食物(目标1)。我还将测试神经的预测性和增量性有效性 通过评估神经签名变化预测的个体差异的程度来进行签名 干预结果，如不健康食品的价值和饮食行为，超过和超过标准 方法(目标2)。在这个项目完成后，我将制定和验证一个敏感和具体的 渴望重新评估能力的神经生物学指标，可供其他研究人员使用 干预效果和对治疗反应性的个体差异。我还将接受深入的培训 在癌症控制的转化性神经科学干预以及多元神经成像和机器方面 学习。这项工作将有助于改进基于重新评估的干预措施，以减少不健康的饮食 这最终将降低超重和肥胖的患病率以及与饮食相关的癌症风险。此外， 通过记录我的分析过程并共享我的分析代码，这项工作的结果可以很容易地 被其他人用来研究与饮食行为和癌症风险相关的各种心理过程。