Cannabis Identity as Cognitive and Developmental Risk Factors For Adolescent Cannabis Misuse

摘要 拟议研究的首要目标是评估大麻的身份，或在多大程度上 认为大麻使用是他们自我概念的一部分，是青少年认知和发展的风险因素 滥用大麻。青少年滥用大麻与许多负面后果有关，是一种 随着美国大麻使用政策的迅速变化，人们对公共卫生的担忧日益加剧。青少年 在娱乐用大麻合法化的州，大麻的使用和滥用可能会增加，初步证据是 这发生在已经使使用合法化的州(华盛顿州)。尽管有这些趋势，但认知和 相对于其他原因，人们对大麻滥用的发育机制知之甚少 物质。最近的理论模型断言，物质同一性，或一个人在多大程度上 物质使用作为他们自我概念的一部分，是物质的一个独特而重要的认知风险因素 滥用。与物质相关的身份可以用显式(例如，自我报告)和隐式(例如， 反应时间)测量；两者都可以唯一地预测误用、依赖和治疗结果 酒精和烟草使用者。到目前为止，还没有经过充分验证的大麻身份衡量标准，这可能 代表了青少年大麻滥用筛查的新工具和预防和预防的潜在目标 干预策略。提出的研究旨在解决这一差距，并实施了混合方法 方法分两个阶段：第一阶段)华盛顿的48名青少年(15-18岁)将参加Focus 小组讨论拥有和/或发展大麻使用者或非使用者的现象学经验 身份。来自焦点小组的主题将为两个隐含的新大麻身份的刺激开发提供信息 联想测试(CI-IATS)，一种用于评估对物质使用的内隐认同的测量类型。10 然后，其他青少年将完成结构化访谈，以试行CI-IATS，并对其进行评分和讨论 CI-IAT刺激理解。第二阶段)150名青少年将完成三个在线评估单元， 每个间隔三个月，其中包括两个CI-IAT，这是大麻身份的明确衡量标准，以及 大麻使用、滥用和大麻的措施使用社会规范。测试大麻的双进程模型 身份，大麻身份的隐式和显式测量的递增预测有效性将是 在预测当前和未来大麻使用和滥用的模型中进行了审查。增量预测 还将对照公认的认知风险来检查大麻身份识别措施的有效性。 滥用大麻的因素(社会规范)。研究结果将推进理论，潜在地改善 预测青少年滥用大麻，并潜在地确定独特的认知和发育风险 在今后的预防和干预工作中可能针对的大麻滥用因素。

ABSTRACT The overarching objective of the proposed research is to evaluate cannabis identity, or the extent to which one views cannabis use as part of their self-concept, as a cognitive and developmental risk factor for adolescent cannabis misuse. Adolescent cannabis misuse is associated with numerous negative consequences and is a growing public health concern given rapidly changing policies surrounding cannabis use in the US. Adolescent cannabis use and misuse may increase in states that legalize recreational cannabis use with initial evidence of this occurring in states (Washington) that have already legalized use. Despite these trends, the cognitive and developmental mechanisms thought to underlie cannabis misuse are poorly understood relative to other substances. Recent theoretical models assert that substance identity, or the extent to which one views substance use as part of their self-concept, is a unique and important cognitive risk factor for substance misuse. Substance-related identities can be measured with explicit (e.g., self-report) and implicit (e.g., reaction time) measures; and both uniquely predict misuse, dependence, and treatment outcomes among alcohol and tobacco users. To date, there are no well-validated measures of cannabis identity, which could represent novel tools for adolescent cannabis misuse screening and potential targets for prevention and intervention strategies. The proposed research aims to address this gap and implements a mixed-methods approach across two phases: Phase 1) 48 adolescents (15-18 years old) in Washington will attend focus groups to discuss the phenomenological experience of having and/or developing a cannabis user or non-user identity. Themes from focus groups will inform stimuli development for two novel Cannabis Identity Implicit Associations Tests (CI-IATs), a type of measure used to assess implicit identification with substance use. 10 additional adolescents will then complete structured interviews to pilot-test the CI-IATs and to rate and discuss CI-IAT stimuli comprehension. Phase 2) 150 adolescents will complete three online assessment batteries, each separated by three months, that include the two CI-IATs, an explicit measure of cannabis identity, and measures of cannabis use, misuse, and cannabis use social norms. To test a dual process model of cannabis identity, the incremental predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures of cannabis identity will be examined in models predicting current and prospective cannabis use and misuse. The incremental predictive validity of cannabis identity measures will also be examined relative to a well-established cognitive risk factor for cannabis misuse (social norms). The research findings will advance theory, potentially improve the prediction of adolescent cannabis misuse, and potentially identify a unique cognitive and developmental risk factor for cannabis misuse that may be targeted among future prevention and intervention efforts.