Effects of Aging on Episodic Memory-Dependent Decision Making

增龄对情景记忆依赖型决策的影响 大多数人类决策研究使用的任务中，与决策相关的信息是 完全可用或从未可用。然而，在许多现实生活中，决策需要在- 由特定的过去事件或情节记忆形成的。阐明情景记忆在决策中的作用 做出决定对于理解健康老年人的决策缺陷至关重要，他们表现出显著的表观反应。 SODIC内存下降。我们的首要目标是阐明老年人的情景记忆障碍是如何影响记忆功能的。 向决策致敬。特别是，我们关注的是决定年龄差异的神经机制。 利用功能磁共振测量脑活动和连通性及扩散张量成像 衡量白质完整性的指标。我们研究了两个决策任务，即多属性选择任务 和时间折扣任务，并有3个具体目标。我们的第一个目标是调查多人的年龄差异。 作为情景记忆需求和决策需求的函数的多属性决策。在学习中 1，我们通过改变决策量是否需要提取来操纵情景记忆需求 以前学到的信息，以及通过指导参与者使用简单或 一个更精细的决策策略。研究1侧重于回忆过去，但情节记忆也是NEC-- 思考未来的必需品。我们的第二个目标是检验时间折扣中的年龄差异 任务作为间歇性未来思维的功能，这是已知在老年人中受损的研究2调查- 盖茨研究了时序标签对货币跨期决策的影响。最后，我们的第三个目标是规范- 阐明大脑完整性的个体差异如何调节情景记忆依赖型DECI的年龄差异。 锡安制造。老年人情节记忆的个体差异与执行因素有关，因为-- 与额叶相关，以及与内侧颞叶相关的记忆因素。我们检查 这两个因素如何解释老年人脑白质完整性的个体差异以及如何 这些个体差异影响了研究1和研究2的结果。 在情景记忆依赖性决策中年龄差异的神经机制在前夕是常见的。 日常生活。这项研究将把两个以前互不相连的研究领域联系起来，即认知神经科学 老龄化和衰老的神经经济学。这些研究将有助于更全面的科学研究-- 站在大脑老化的立场，更容易解释为日常生活中的批判性行为。这部作品具有 在成年期的所有阶段确定改善情景记忆依赖的选择的机制的可能性， 这将有助于改善老年人的健康和福祉。

Effects of aging on episodic memory-dependent decision making Most studies of human decision making use tasks in which information relevant to the decision is either completely available or never available. Yet, in many real-life scenarios decision making requires retrieving in- formation from specific past events, or episodic memory. Clarifying the role of episodic memory in decision making is critical for understanding decision making deficits in healthy older adults, who show significant epi- sodic memory decline. Our overarching goal is to clarify how episodic memory impairments in older age con- tribute to decision making. In particular, we focus on the neural mechanisms of age differences in decision making using functional MRI measures of brain activity and connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging measures of white-matter integrity. We investigate two decision-making tasks, the multi-attribute choice task and the time discounting task, and have 3 specific aims. Our first aim is to investigate age differences in mul- ti-attribute decision making as function of episodic memory demands and decision making demands. In Study 1, we manipulate episodic memory demands by varying whether or not the decision amount requires retrieving previously learned information, and decision making demands by instructing participants to using a simple or a more elaborate decision strategy. Study 1 focuses on remembering the past but episodic memory is also nec- essary for for thinking about the future. Our second aim is to examine age differences in the time discounting task as a function of episodic future thinking, which is known to be impaired in older adults Study 2 investi- gates the effects of episodic tags on monetary intertemporal decision making. Finally, our third aim is to spec- ify how individual differences in brain integrity modulate age differences in episodic memory-dependent deci- sion making. Individual differences in episodic memory in older age have been linked to an executive factor as- sociated with the frontal lobes, and a memory factor associated with the medial temporal lobes. We examine how these two factors account for individual differences in white-matter integrity among older adults and how these individual differences modulate the results of Studies 1 and 2. In sum, the proposed studies investigate the neural mechanisms of age differences in episodic memory-dependent decisions, which are common in eve- ryday life. The research will link two previously disconnected areas of research, the cognitive neuroscience of aging and neuroeconomics of aging. The studies will contribute to a more comprehensive scientific under- standing of brain aging that is more easily translatable to critical behavior in everyday life. The work has the potential to identify mechanisms to improve episodic memory-dependent choice across all stages of adulthood, which will contribute to improving health and well-being in old age.