Effects of Aging on Episodic Memory-Dependent Decision Making

年龄对情景记忆依赖性决策的影响 大多数关于人类决策的研究都使用与决策相关的信息， 完全可用或永远不可用。然而，在许多现实生活中，决策需要检索- 由特定的过去事件或情景记忆形成。阐明情景记忆在决策中的作用 决策对于理解健康老年人的决策缺陷至关重要，他们表现出显著的epi， 钠记忆衰退我们的首要目标是阐明老年人的情景记忆障碍是如何与 向决策致敬。特别是，我们专注于决策年龄差异的神经机制， 利用功能性磁共振成像测量大脑活动和连通性以及扩散张量成像 白质完整性的测量我们研究了两个决策任务，即多属性选择任务 和时间折扣任务，并有3个具体目标。我们的第一个目标是调查穆尔的年龄差异， 作为情景记忆需求和决策需求的函数的ti-属性决策。在自习 1、我们通过改变决策量是否需要提取来操纵情景记忆需求 以前学到的信息，并通过指导参与者使用一个简单的或 一个更精细的决策策略。研究1的重点是记住过去，但情景记忆也是不必要的。 对于思考未来是必要的。我们的第二个目的是检验时间折扣中的年龄差异 任务作为情节性未来思维的功能，这是已知的老年人受损研究2调查， 门的影响，情节标签对货币跨期决策。最后，我们的第三个目标是规范- 说明大脑完整性的个体差异如何调节情景记忆依赖性决策的年龄差异， 锡永制作老年人情景记忆的个体差异与执行因素有关，如- 与额叶有关，记忆因素与内侧颞叶有关。我们研究 这两个因素如何解释老年人白质完整性的个体差异，以及 这些个体差异调节了研究1和2的结果。总之，拟议的研究调查 年龄差异的神经机制，情节记忆依赖的决定，这是常见的， ryday生活这项研究将连接两个以前不相关的研究领域，认知神经科学， 老龄化和老龄化的神经经济学。这些研究将有助于更全面的科学了解- 更容易转化为日常生活中的关键行为。这项工作有 有可能确定机制，以改善成年期所有阶段的情景记忆依赖性选择， 这将有助于改善老年人的健康和福祉。

Effects of aging on episodic memory-dependent decision making Most studies of human decision making use tasks in which information relevant to the decision is either completely available or never available. Yet, in many real-life scenarios decision making requires retrieving in- formation from specific past events, or episodic memory. Clarifying the role of episodic memory in decision making is critical for understanding decision making deficits in healthy older adults, who show significant epi- sodic memory decline. Our overarching goal is to clarify how episodic memory impairments in older age con- tribute to decision making. In particular, we focus on the neural mechanisms of age differences in decision making using functional MRI measures of brain activity and connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging measures of white-matter integrity. We investigate two decision-making tasks, the multi-attribute choice task and the time discounting task, and have 3 specific aims. Our first aim is to investigate age differences in mul- ti-attribute decision making as function of episodic memory demands and decision making demands. In Study 1, we manipulate episodic memory demands by varying whether or not the decision amount requires retrieving previously learned information, and decision making demands by instructing participants to using a simple or a more elaborate decision strategy. Study 1 focuses on remembering the past but episodic memory is also nec- essary for for thinking about the future. Our second aim is to examine age differences in the time discounting task as a function of episodic future thinking, which is known to be impaired in older adults Study 2 investi- gates the effects of episodic tags on monetary intertemporal decision making. Finally, our third aim is to spec- ify how individual differences in brain integrity modulate age differences in episodic memory-dependent deci- sion making. Individual differences in episodic memory in older age have been linked to an executive factor as- sociated with the frontal lobes, and a memory factor associated with the medial temporal lobes. We examine how these two factors account for individual differences in white-matter integrity among older adults and how these individual differences modulate the results of Studies 1 and 2. In sum, the proposed studies investigate the neural mechanisms of age differences in episodic memory-dependent decisions, which are common in eve- ryday life. The research will link two previously disconnected areas of research, the cognitive neuroscience of aging and neuroeconomics of aging. The studies will contribute to a more comprehensive scientific under- standing of brain aging that is more easily translatable to critical behavior in everyday life. The work has the potential to identify mechanisms to improve episodic memory-dependent choice across all stages of adulthood, which will contribute to improving health and well-being in old age.