Social Threat and Aging: Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation

社会威胁与衰老：情绪调节的神经机制

• 批准号: 8310948
• 负责人: Roberto Cabeza
• 金额: $ 30.31万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8310948
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Behavioral; Brain region; Cognitive; Corpus Callosum; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Down-Regulation; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Fiber; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Generations; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Late Effects; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Methods; Neuropsychological Tests; Operating System; Personal Satisfaction; Personality Traits; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Regulation; Research; Resources; Role; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Social status; Social support; Source; Spouses; Stereotyping; Stress; System; Taxes; Temporal Lobe; Testing; age effect; age group; cingulate cortex; coping; cost; emotion regulation; emotional experience; executive function; geriatric depression; healthy aging; member; memory encoding; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; operation; relating to nervous system; remediation; research study; response; self esteem; showing emotion; social; white matter; young adult

Social Threat and Aging: Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation Emotion regulation is critical for social behavior because social interactions can be the source of considerable stress. In particular, emotion regulation is essential for responding to social threat, which is defined as threats to self-esteem or social status. Such threats may be particularly salient in later life as individuals deal with loss of status and the negative stereotypes associated with old age. We will use behavioral methods in combination with functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate how older adults' emotion regulation system cope with social threat. Additionally, we will investigate factors that either challenge or facilitate the operation of this system. Taken together, the proposed 5 neuroimaging studies will achieve 3 specific aims. First, they will investigate how older adults' emotion regulation system responds to social threat. The emotion regulation system depends on the interplay between brain regions involved in generating emotions, such as the amygdala, and regions that exert control over emotional expression and experience, such as the prefrontal cortex. We will examine how the emotional regulation system operates in condition of threat to the individual at personal level (personal threat) and threat to the individual as a memory of a group (stereotype threat). Second, the proposed studies will also investigate how executive control resources modulate older adults' ability to regulate emotions elicited by social threat. Although healthy elderly are normally well adjusted at the emotional level, there is evidence that they maintain their emotional well-being by actively down-regulating negative emotions. This continuous emotion regulation strategy is taxing for executive control resources, which depend on frontoparietal networks that are known to decline with age. We will investigate how individual differences in executive resources modulate the operation of the emotional regulation system in older adults. Finally, the proposed studies will investigate how older adults' emotion regulation responses to social threat are enhanced by social support. Theoretical views suggest that close interpersonal relationships become increasingly important with age. Among other methods, we will study the role of social support by having a spouse or partner provide encouragement and physical contact under conditions of stereotype threat. Taken together, the studies proposed will clarify neural mechanisms of emotional regulation in older adults and how they respond to social threat. Given that emotion regulation depends on executive control networks that are known to be impaired by aging, this research has direct implications for understanding the interaction between cognitive and emotional processing in healthy aging, as well as in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease.

社会威胁与衰老：情绪调节的神经机制 情绪调节对社会行为至关重要，因为社会互动可能是相当大的压力来源。 特别是，情绪调节对于应对社会威胁是必不可少的，社会威胁被定义为对自尊或 社会地位这种威胁可能在以后的生活中特别突出，因为个人要处理失去地位和消极的事情。 与老年有关的刻板印象。我们将使用行为方法结合功能性MRI（fMRI）， 扩散张量成像（DTI）研究老年人的情绪调节系统如何科普社会威胁。 此外，我们将调查的因素，无论是挑战或促进这个系统的操作。 综合起来看， 建议的5项神经影像学研究将达到3个具体目标。首先，他们将调查老年人的情绪 监管体系应对社会威胁。情绪调节系统依赖于大脑和大脑之间的相互作用， 与产生情绪有关的区域，如杏仁核，以及控制情绪表达的区域 和经验，比如前额叶皮层。我们将研究情绪调节系统是如何运作的， 对个人的威胁在个人层面上的条件（个人威胁）和对个人的威胁作为一个记忆， 刻板印象（stereotype）。第二，建议的研究也将调查如何执行控制资源调节 老年人调节社会威胁引起的情绪的能力。虽然健康的老年人通常适应良好， 在情绪水平上，有证据表明，他们通过积极下调 负面情绪这种持续的情绪调节策略对执行控制资源来说是费力的， 额顶叶的神经网络会随着年龄的增长而衰退我们将研究个体差异如何在 执行资源调节老年人情绪调节系统的运作。最后，建议 研究将探讨社会支持如何增强老年人对社会威胁的情绪调节反应。 理论观点认为，随着年龄的增长，亲密的人际关系变得越来越重要。除其他 方法，我们将研究社会支持的作用，让配偶或伴侣提供鼓励和身体 在刻板印象威胁的条件下进行接触。总的来说，这些研究将阐明神经机制， 老年人的情绪调节以及他们如何应对社会威胁。鉴于情绪调节取决于 执行控制网络被认为会因衰老而受损，这项研究直接影响到 了解健康老龄化中认知和情感处理之间的相互作用，以及在个人中， 阿尔茨海默病的风险。