Role of macrophages in control of ocular HSV

巨噬细胞在控制眼部 HSV 中的作用

• 批准号: 9759926
• 负责人: HOMAYON GHIASI
• 金额: $ 42.5万
• 依托单位: CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2022-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9759926
• 关键词: Acute; Anterior eyeball segment structure; Antiviral Agents; Antiviral Response; Apoptosis; Autophagocytosis; Blindness; Cells; Characteristics; Cornea; Data; Development; Disease; Dose; Exhibits; Eye; Eye Infections; Eye diseases; Frequencies; Genes; Herpetic Keratitis; Homeostasis; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Infection; Infiltration; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Inflammatory Response; Injections; Innate Immune Response; Kinetics; Knockout Mice; Latent Virus; Lead; Leucocytic infiltrate; Macrophage Activation; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; Maintenance; Mediating; Mononuclear; Mouse Strains; Mus; Mutate; NOS2A gene; Natural History; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Phagocytes; Phagocytosis; Phenotype; Plant Roots; Play; Predisposition; Primary Infection; Process; Publishing; Reagent; Recurrence; Resolution; Role; STAT1 gene; Simplexvirus; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Tissues; Transgenic Mice; Tumor-infiltrating immune cells; Variant; Viral; Viral Eye Infections; Viral Load result; Virus; Virus Diseases; Virus Latency; Virus Replication; Vision; base; clinically relevant; clinically significant; cytokine; in vivo; inhibition of autophagy; macrophage; mouse model; mutant; novel; preservation; promoter; reactivation from latency; response; transcription factor

HSV-1 infections are very frequent in the U.S. and are a major cause of viral-induced blindness. The corneal damage induced by HSV-1 appears to be mediated primarily by immune responses. We found that macrophages form early and predominant infiltrates in the corneas of mice ocularly infected with HSV-1. We have also shown that preferential expansion of the M2 macrophage subpopulation by injection of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF- 1) reduced ocular virus replication and latency-reactivation, whereas activation of the M1 subpopulation was pro- inflammatory and exacerbated eye disease. Analyses of the natural history of very early infiltrates in ocularly infected mice suggest a dichotomy in the patterns of corneal infiltration by M1 and M2 macrophages that is temporally associated with subsequent involvement of other immune responses, clearance of the virus from the cornea, and establishment of latency. These results provide a framework for differentiating immune response- mediated exacerbation vs. immune-mediated control of acute and latent HSV-1 infections. Based on our published and preliminary data, our main hypothesis is that the natural variation in the activation of macrophages towards the M1 or M2 disease-relevant phenotype plays a key role in determining induction of inflammation, eye disease, and virus replication. Therefore, manipulation of M1 and M2 macrophage compartments can be used to safeguard the integrity of the anterior segment of the eye including the cornea in response to infection. Specifically, we will test whether manipulation of autophagy in the macrophage subsets can be used to control ocular HSV-1 infection. The feasibility of the proposed studies is rooted in our strategy that utilizes conditional knockout mice that we have generated to directly evaluate the M1 and M2 functions in vivo with regards to virus replication in the eye, eye disease and establishment of latency-reactivation in ocularly infected mice. We will: (1) Test if altering the phenotype of macrophage activation towards M2 in the cornea of ocularly infected mice will lead to a reduction in primary infection, inflammatory responses and eye disease, and a reduction in latency- reactivation; and (2) Test if inhibition of autophagy in M2 macrophages enhances eye disease and latency- reactivation, while its inhibition in M1 macrophages decreases inflammation, eye disease and latency- reactivation. We will determine the impact of blocking autophagy in transgenic mice expressing the anti- autophagy gene of HSV-1 (i.e., γ34.5) under the M1 (NOS2) or the M2 (Arg1) promoters following infection with WT HSV-1 strain McKrae or a γ34.5 deletion mutant of HSV-1 strain McKrae. In both Aims, we will further test the mechanisms associated with amelioration of the disease process in terms of quantification of antiviral responses, phagocytosis and/or autophagy in the macrophages and the impact on other immune infiltrates and cytokine release.

1型单纯疱疹病毒感染在美国非常常见，是病毒引起失明的主要原因。角膜