Tunable Carbon Electrodes for in vivo Neurotransmitter Detection

用于体内神经递质检测的可调谐碳电极

• 批准号: 9889960
• 负责人: B. JILL VENTON
• 金额: $ 34.82万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9889960
• 关键词: 3D Print; Adenosine; Animal Model; Argon; Biosensor; Brain; Brain region; Caliber; Carbon; Chemicals; Chemistry; Communication; Complex; Computer software; Custom; Deposition; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Dopamine; Drosophila genus; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electron Transport; Fast Electron; Fiber; Frequencies; Future; Geometry; Goals; Histamine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Image; Image Analysis; Measurement; Measures; Metals; Microelectrodes; Neurotransmitters; Oxygen; Printing; Property; Research; Resolution; Rodent; Sampling; Serotonin; Shapes; Surface; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Tube; Work; base; carbon fiber; design; dopaminergic neuron; flexibility; in vivo; innovation; insight; nano; nanodiamond; nanoelectrodes; nanohorn; nanomaterials; nervous system disorder; neurochemistry; neurotransmission; new technology; novel; oxidation; real time monitoring; sensor; submicron; temporal measurement; tool; vapor

PROJECT SUMMARY Microelectrodes are popular for sensing real-time changes in neurotransmitters and understanding the dynamics of neurotransmission in the brain. However, technology has changed little in three decades and there are many unmet technological needs for in vivo electrochemical sensors. In particular, electrodes are needed with high selectivity to discriminate different molecules, small enough tips to localize in small model organisms, and geometries that enable global sensing at high temporal resolution. One new electrode is unlikely to solve all these problems; instead, the electrochemical tool-kit needs to be expanded with many types of electrode designs, materials, and fabrication strategies so that electrodes can be customized for the application. The long term goal of my lab is to develop new electrodes for the measurement of real-time changes of neurotransmitters in vivo and use them to understand real-time detection of neurotransmitter dynamics in the brain. The goal of this project is to develop carbon nanomaterial electrodes, carbon nanopipettes, and 3D printed electrodes with tunable selectivity, tip diameter, and geometry. In the first specific aim, we will use carbon nanomaterials, surface treatments, custom waveforms, and imaging-based software approaches to tune the oxidation of difficult to detect molecules and reduce biofouling. Discrimination and co-detection of histamine, adenosine, and hydrogen peroxide will be targeted, as well as reduced fouling by serotonin and its metabolites. In the second aim, carbon nanopipettes will be developed as nanoelectrodes with tunable tip diameters that can sample from submicron regions, facilitating measurements in small Drosophila brain regions without destroying the tissue. Different geometries will be compared, included closed-tip, cavity, and open tube pipettes. In the third aim, a completely new way to make an electrode will be explored: nano-3D printing. A Nanoscribe 3D printer with 500 nm printing resolution will be used and designs then oxygen/argon annealed, which causes shrinking and carbonization. This 3D printing technique will enable rational design of free-standing, high temporal resolution sensors and flexible carbon mesh electrodes that measure neurotransmitters more globally. The result of this project will be many different kinds of electrodes that enable many different neurochemical applications, from discriminating adenosine and histamine transients in vivo, to dopamine detection in discrete Drosophila regions that are less than 10 m wide, to rapid measurements of neurotransmission on a global scale. The significance of this project is that it will transform in vivo microelectrode design to facilitate complex dynamic measurements of neurochemistry that will lead to a better understanding of the how the brain functions and how if malfunctions during disease. The expected positive impact of this new electrode design is thus new platforms of electrodes with tunable electrochemistry to better understand real-time neurotransmission.

项目摘要 微电极用于感测神经递质的实时变化并了解神经递质的变化。 大脑中神经传递的动力学然而，三十年来技术几乎没有变化， 对于体内电化学传感器存在许多未满足的技术需求。特别地， 需要高选择性来区分不同的分子，需要足够小的尖端来定位在小模型中 有机体和几何形状，使全球传感在高时间分辨率。一种新的电极是 不太可能解决所有这些问题;相反，电化学工具包需要扩展许多 电极设计、材料和制造策略的类型，使得电极可以被定制以用于 应用程序.我实验室的长期目标是开发新的电极用于实时测量 体内神经递质的变化，并利用它们来了解神经递质的实时检测 大脑的动力学。该项目的目标是开发碳纳米材料电极， 纳米移液管和具有可调选择性、尖端直径和几何形状的3D打印电极。上 具体目标，我们将使用碳纳米材料，表面处理，定制波形，并基于成像 软件方法来调整难以检测的分子的氧化并减少生物污垢。歧视 以及组胺、腺苷和过氧化氢的共检测将成为目标， 由血清素及其代谢物所控制在第二个目标中，碳纳米移液管将被开发为纳米电极 具有可调的针尖直径，可以从亚微米区域取样，便于在小的 果蝇大脑区域而不破坏组织。将比较不同的几何形状，包括 闭头移液器、腔式移液器和开管移液器。在第三个目标中，一种制造电极的全新方法将是 探索：纳米3D打印。将使用具有500 nm打印分辨率的Nanoscribe 3D打印机， 然后氧/氩退火，这引起收缩和碳化。这种3D打印技术将使 合理设计独立的、高时间分辨率的传感器和柔性碳网电极， 更全面地测量神经递质。这个项目的结果将是许多不同种类的电极 这使得许多不同的神经化学应用，从区分腺苷和组胺瞬变， 在体内，在小于10 μ m宽的离散果蝇区域中检测多巴胺， 在全球范围内测量神经传递。这个项目的意义在于它将改变 体内微电极设计，以便于神经化学的复杂动态测量， 更好地了解大脑的功能以及疾病期间的功能障碍。预期 因此，这种新电极设计的积极影响是具有可调电化学的电极的新平台 来更好地理解实时神经传递。