The Role of Ipsilateral Cortical Control of the Upper Limb in Monkey and Man

本研究旨在阐明同侧大脑半球在运动控制中的作用。 猴和人上肢运动的平行研究。拟议工作的结果是 有可能指导皮质控制神经假体系统的发展 记录人类和猴子不同空间功能神经水平的神经性疾病 组织。我们小组之前的研究表明，灵长类运动区的分布活动是 与猴和人的同侧上肢运动学可靠相关。此信息可以是 通过对各种时间和空间尺度的神经信号应用线性方法进行解码，并且可以 成功地融入了BMI闭环系统。然而，同侧的功能贡献 运动皮质到肢体运动仍不清楚。同侧控制仅限于近侧肌肉还是这些 信号也与远端肌肉的控制有关吗？同侧表征如何在不同的环境中变化 任务上下文，尤其是在考虑两只手独立使用或在 协调一致的方式？这项研究计划将解决这些基本问题。我们概述了四个关键 假设：1)运动皮质的活动为同侧运动提供额外的控制信号， 与致力于对侧运动的活动无关。H2)一条肢体的横颧骨运动 激活同侧运动皮质中的同源回路，这一活动可能促进镜像对称 运动或为广义运动学习提供一种机制。H3)同侧运动皮质的活动 反映了同时的、双边的单手动作的准备。H4)同侧运动活动 与对侧手的控制有关，但受同侧运动程度的影响 双手协调所需的网络。为了评估这些假设，这项建议是结构化的 围绕着两个目标，每个目标都需要一系列的实验。猴子和人类的具体目标是：1) 确定同侧运动皮质在单手运动中的作用；2)确定同侧运动皮质在单手运动中的作用 双手运动时的同侧运动皮质。平行的神经生理学研究将在#年进行。 人类和非人类灵长类动物记录和分析不同整合水平的神经活动。现状-- 互补神经记录的最新方法(人体皮层脑电图术、猴局部场电位 和单一单位活动)和数据分析将被用来解决这四个假设。

This research program aims to elucidate the role of the ipsilateral hemisphere in motor control, entailing parallel studies of upper limb movement in monkey and human. The outcome of the proposed work has the potential to guide the development of cortically-controlled neuroprosthetic systems for patients with neurological disorders by recording from humans and monkeys at different spatial levels of functional neural organization. Previous work from our group has demonstrated that distributed activity in primate motor areas is reliably correlated with ipsilateral upper limb kinematics in monkey and human. This information can be decoded by applying linear methods to neural signals at a variety of temporal and spatial scales, and can be successfully incorporated into a closed-loop BMI system. However, the functional contribution of ipsilateral motor cortex to limb movement remains unclear. Is ipsilateral control limited to proximal muscles or are these signals also relevant for the control of distal muscles? How do ipsilateral representations change in different task contexts, especially when considering contexts in which the two hands are either used independently or in a coordinated manner? This research program will address these fundamental questions. We outline four key hypotheses: H1) Activity in motor cortex provides additional control signals for ipsilateral movements, independent of the activity dedicated to contralateral movements. H2) Movements of one limb transcallosally activate homologous circuits in the ipsilateral motor cortex, activity that might facilitate mirror-symmetric movement or provide a mechanism for generalized motor learning. H3) Activity in ipsilateral motor cortex reflects the simultaneous, bilateral preparation of unimanual movements. H4) Ipsilateral motor activity is related to the control of the contralateral hand, but is modulated by the degree of ipsilateral movements as part of a network required for bimanual coordination. To evaluate these hypotheses, this proposal is structured around two aims, each entailing a series of experiments. The specific aims in both monkey and man are: 1) to characterize the role of ipsilateral motor cortex during unimanual movement and 2) to characterize the role of ipsilateral motor cortex during bimanual movements. Parallel neurophysiological studies will be conducted in human and non-human primates to record and analyze neural activity at different levels of integration. State-of- the-art methods for complementary neural recordings (human electrocorticogram, monkey local field potential and single unit activity) and data analysis will be employed to address the four hypotheses.