The Role of Ipsilateral Cortical Control of the Upper Limb in Monkey and Man

这项研究计划旨在阐明同侧半球在运动控制中的作用， 猴子和人类上肢运动的平行研究。拟议工作的成果有： 有可能指导开发皮质控制的神经假体系统， 通过记录人类和猴子在不同空间水平的功能性神经系统疾病， organization.我们小组以前的工作已经证明，灵长类动物运动区的分布式活动是 与猴和人同侧上肢运动学可靠相关。该信息可以 通过在各种时间和空间尺度上对神经信号应用线性方法来解码，并且可以 成功整合到闭环BMI系统中。然而，同侧的功能贡献 运动皮层对肢体运动的影响尚不清楚。同侧控制仅限于近端肌肉还是这些 信号也与远端肌肉的控制有关？在不同的情况下，同侧的表现如何变化？ 任务情境，特别是当考虑到两只手要么独立使用，要么 协调的方式？本研究计划将解决这些基本问题。我们概述了四个关键 假设：H1）运动皮层的活动为同侧运动提供了额外的控制信号， 独立于专用于对侧运动的活动。H2）一肢经胼胝体运动 激活同侧运动皮层的同源回路，这种活动可能有助于镜像对称 运动或提供用于广义运动学习的机制。H3）同侧运动皮层的活动 反映了单手运动的同时、双边准备。H4）同侧运动活动是 与对侧手的控制有关，但作为部分， 双手协调所需的网络。为了评估这些假设，本提案的结构如下： 围绕着两个目标，每个目标都需要一系列的实验。猴子和人类的具体目标是：1） 描述同侧运动皮层在单手运动中的作用; 2）描述 双手运动时的同侧运动皮层。并行神经生理学研究将在 人类和非人类灵长类动物记录和分析不同整合水平的神经活动。国家 用于补充神经记录（人皮层电图、猴局部场电位 和单一单位活动）和数据分析将用于解决这四个假设。

This research program aims to elucidate the role of the ipsilateral hemisphere in motor control, entailing parallel studies of upper limb movement in monkey and human. The outcome of the proposed work has the potential to guide the development of cortically-controlled neuroprosthetic systems for patients with neurological disorders by recording from humans and monkeys at different spatial levels of functional neural organization. Previous work from our group has demonstrated that distributed activity in primate motor areas is reliably correlated with ipsilateral upper limb kinematics in monkey and human. This information can be decoded by applying linear methods to neural signals at a variety of temporal and spatial scales, and can be successfully incorporated into a closed-loop BMI system. However, the functional contribution of ipsilateral motor cortex to limb movement remains unclear. Is ipsilateral control limited to proximal muscles or are these signals also relevant for the control of distal muscles? How do ipsilateral representations change in different task contexts, especially when considering contexts in which the two hands are either used independently or in a coordinated manner? This research program will address these fundamental questions. We outline four key hypotheses: H1) Activity in motor cortex provides additional control signals for ipsilateral movements, independent of the activity dedicated to contralateral movements. H2) Movements of one limb transcallosally activate homologous circuits in the ipsilateral motor cortex, activity that might facilitate mirror-symmetric movement or provide a mechanism for generalized motor learning. H3) Activity in ipsilateral motor cortex reflects the simultaneous, bilateral preparation of unimanual movements. H4) Ipsilateral motor activity is related to the control of the contralateral hand, but is modulated by the degree of ipsilateral movements as part of a network required for bimanual coordination. To evaluate these hypotheses, this proposal is structured around two aims, each entailing a series of experiments. The specific aims in both monkey and man are: 1) to characterize the role of ipsilateral motor cortex during unimanual movement and 2) to characterize the role of ipsilateral motor cortex during bimanual movements. Parallel neurophysiological studies will be conducted in human and non-human primates to record and analyze neural activity at different levels of integration. State-of- the-art methods for complementary neural recordings (human electrocorticogram, monkey local field potential and single unit activity) and data analysis will be employed to address the four hypotheses.