An Investigation of the Effects of Food Scarcity on Reinforcement Pathology among Parents and Offspring.

食物短缺对父母和后代强化病理学影响的调查。

• 批准号: 9765033
• 负责人: Amanda K Crandall
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9765033
• 关键词: Acute; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Analysis of Covariance; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Body mass index; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Computers; Dangerousness; Development; Disease; Eating; Ethnic group; Exhibits; Family; Female; Food; Future; Government; Health; Household; Impulsivity; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Longevity; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Obesity; Parents; Participant; Pathology; Pattern; Persons; Pilot Projects; Population; Poverty; Psychological reinforcement; Reaction; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; United States; Work; adult obesity; age group; biological adaptation to stress; discount; discounting; experience; family influence; feeding; food insecurity; high risk; impression; improved; low socioeconomic status; male; obesity development; obesity in children; obesity risk; offspring; peer; prepuberty; racial and ethnic; recruit; response; sex; trait

Project Summary/Abstract As obesity continues to rise in the United States, it is critically important to identify and understand important risk factors for this condition. Experiences of poverty predict obesity in both adults and children and childhood poverty independently increases one's risk for adult obesity. The proposed study will investigate the effect of scarcity on the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of food, delay discounting (DD), and examine stress as a potential mediator. A pilot study in our laboratory established that acute impressions of food scarcity increase RRV of food among adults. This study also showed that males and females suffering from severe food insecurity tended to work harder for the food when primed for limited resources. The study in the current proposal will replicate and extend these findings with a particular focus on the development of obesity by pursuing four specific aims. We will examine a cross section of children, adolescents, and their parents, with all groups having a balanced number of minority participants and sexes. The study will investigate differential reactions to scarcity in terms of food reinforcement at each age group and allow us to establish which period of development is most sensitive to the paradigm as well as the impact of parents' reactions to scarcity on offspring RRV and DD. We will examine the acute effects of financial scarcity on RRV of food and delay discounting among participants with and without chronic financial scarcity (i.e. receiving government assistance) in a laboratory study. Participants will be screened for receipt of government assistance by any person in the household in the last year and recruited in a stratified sample. In the laboratory, they will undergo a scarcity manipulation and complete tasks measuring RRV of food, and DD. It is predicted that when primed for scarcity, participants with chronic financial scarcity will show a greater increase in RRV of food and DD. This relationship is expected to strengthen across the lifespan. It is also predicted that adolescent-parent dyads will be the most interrelated in terms of reactions to scarcity. Finally, we will explore stress as a potential mechanism for these relationships. It is predicted that participants with chronic scarcity will be more likely to have a higher stress response to scarcity and that those who do will show a corresponding increase in DD. Overall, the proposed study is likely to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the childhood poverty-adult obesity relationship and provide valuable information for interventions in this area.

项目摘要/摘要 随着肥胖症在美国的不断上升，识别和理解至关重要 这种情况的重要风险因素。贫困的经历预测成人和儿童的肥胖症，以及 童年贫困独立增加了一个人的肥胖风险。拟议的研究将调查 稀缺对食物相对增强价值（RRV）的影响，延迟打折（DD），并将压力视为 潜在的调解人。我们实验室的一项试点研究确定，食物稀缺的急性印象增加 成年人中食物的RRV。这项研究还表明，雄性和女性患有严重食物 不安全感倾向于为有限的资源准备就绪。当前的研究 提案将复制并扩展这些发现，特别关注肥胖的发展 追求四个具体目标。我们将与所有人一起检查儿童，青少年及其父母的横截面 少数少数参与者和性别的小组。该研究将研究差异 每个年龄段的食物加强方面对稀缺的反应，使我们能够确定哪个时期 发展对范式最敏感，以及父母对稀缺的反应对 后代RRV和DD。我们将研究财务稀缺对食物RRV和延迟的急性影响 有或没有长期财务短缺的参与者的折扣（即接收政府 协助）在实验室研究中。参与者将被筛选以收到任何政府援助 去年家庭中的人，并在分层样本中招募。在实验室中，他们将经历 稀缺的操纵和完整的任务测量了食物的RRV，DD。可以预测， 对于稀缺性，患有慢性财务缺乏的参与者将显示食物和DD的RRV增加。 预计这种关系将在整个生命周期内加强。还可以预测青少年父母 在对稀缺性的反应方面，二元组将是最相互关联的。最后，我们将探索压力 这些关系的潜在机制。可以预测，患有慢性稀缺的参与者将会更多 可能对稀缺性有更高的压力反应，并且那些这样做的人会表现出相应的增加 DD。总体而言，拟议的研究很可能阐明了儿童贫困的基础机制 肥胖关系并为该领域的干预提供有价值的信息。