An Investigation of the Effects of Food Scarcity on Reinforcement Pathology among Parents and Offspring.

食物短缺对父母和后代强化病理学影响的调查。

• 批准号: 9765033
• 负责人: Amanda K Crandall
• 金额: $ 3.21万
• 依托单位: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9765033
• 关键词: Acute; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Analysis of Covariance; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Body mass index; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Computers; Dangerousness; Development; Disease; Eating; Ethnic group; Exhibits; Family; Female; Food; Future; Government; Health; Household; Impulsivity; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Longevity; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Obesity; Parents; Participant; Pathology; Pattern; Persons; Pilot Projects; Population; Poverty; Psychological reinforcement; Reaction; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Socioeconomic Status; Stress; United States; Work; adult obesity; age group; biological adaptation to stress; discount; discounting; experience; family influence; feeding; food insecurity; high risk; impression; improved; low socioeconomic status; male; obesity development; obesity in children; obesity risk; offspring; peer; prepuberty; racial and ethnic; recruit; response; sex; trait

Project Summary/Abstract As obesity continues to rise in the United States, it is critically important to identify and understand important risk factors for this condition. Experiences of poverty predict obesity in both adults and children and childhood poverty independently increases one's risk for adult obesity. The proposed study will investigate the effect of scarcity on the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of food, delay discounting (DD), and examine stress as a potential mediator. A pilot study in our laboratory established that acute impressions of food scarcity increase RRV of food among adults. This study also showed that males and females suffering from severe food insecurity tended to work harder for the food when primed for limited resources. The study in the current proposal will replicate and extend these findings with a particular focus on the development of obesity by pursuing four specific aims. We will examine a cross section of children, adolescents, and their parents, with all groups having a balanced number of minority participants and sexes. The study will investigate differential reactions to scarcity in terms of food reinforcement at each age group and allow us to establish which period of development is most sensitive to the paradigm as well as the impact of parents' reactions to scarcity on offspring RRV and DD. We will examine the acute effects of financial scarcity on RRV of food and delay discounting among participants with and without chronic financial scarcity (i.e. receiving government assistance) in a laboratory study. Participants will be screened for receipt of government assistance by any person in the household in the last year and recruited in a stratified sample. In the laboratory, they will undergo a scarcity manipulation and complete tasks measuring RRV of food, and DD. It is predicted that when primed for scarcity, participants with chronic financial scarcity will show a greater increase in RRV of food and DD. This relationship is expected to strengthen across the lifespan. It is also predicted that adolescent-parent dyads will be the most interrelated in terms of reactions to scarcity. Finally, we will explore stress as a potential mechanism for these relationships. It is predicted that participants with chronic scarcity will be more likely to have a higher stress response to scarcity and that those who do will show a corresponding increase in DD. Overall, the proposed study is likely to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the childhood poverty-adult obesity relationship and provide valuable information for interventions in this area.

项目总结/摘要 随着肥胖在美国的持续上升，识别和理解 这种情况的重要危险因素。贫穷的经历预示着成年人和儿童的肥胖， 童年贫困独立地增加了一个人成年肥胖的风险。拟议的研究将调查 稀缺性对食物的相对强化值（RRV），延迟折扣（DD）和检查压力的影响， 一个潜在的调解人我们实验室的一项试点研究证实， 成人食物的RRV。这项研究还表明，男性和女性遭受严重的食物， 在资源有限的情况下，缺乏安全感的人往往更努力地工作。目前的研究 一项提案将复制和扩展这些发现，特别关注肥胖的发展， 实现四个具体目标。我们将研究儿童，青少年和他们的父母的横截面，所有 少数族裔参与者人数和性别均衡的群体。该研究将探讨差异 在每个年龄组的食物强化方面对稀缺的反应，并使我们能够确定 发展是最敏感的范式，以及父母的反应，以稀缺的影响， 后代RRV和DD。我们将研究金融短缺对食物和延迟的RRV的严重影响 在有和没有长期财务短缺的参与者之间进行折扣（即接收政府 协助）在实验室研究。参加者将被筛选接受政府援助的任何 在家庭中的人在过去一年中，并在分层抽样招募。在实验室里，他们将经历 一个稀缺操纵和完成任务测量RRV的食物，和DD。据预测， 对于稀缺性，长期经济匮乏的参与者将表现出更大的食物和DD的RRV增加。 这种关系预计将在整个生命周期中得到加强。据预测， 就对稀缺的反应而言，二元结构将是最相互关联的。最后，我们将探讨压力作为一种 这些关系的潜在机制。据预测，长期稀缺的参与者将更多 可能对稀缺有更高的压力反应，那些这样做的人将表现出相应的增加， DD.总的来说，这项研究很可能阐明儿童贫困-成年贫困的机制。 肥胖的关系，并在这方面的干预提供有价值的信息。